Machine is a zero dependency library for highly concurrent Go applications.

Machine GoDoc

concurrency

import "github.com/autom8ter/machine/v2"

Machine is a zero dependency library for highly concurrent Go applications. It is inspired by errgroup.Group with extra bells & whistles:

  • In memory Publish Subscribe for asynchronously broadcasting & consuming messages in memory
  • Asynchronous worker groups similar to errgroup.Group
  • Throttled max active goroutine count
  • Asynchronous error handling(see WithErrorHandler to override default error handler)
  • Asynchronous cron jobs- Cron()

Use Cases

Machine is meant to be completely agnostic and dependency free- its use cases are expected to be emergent. Really, it can be used anywhere goroutines are used.

Highly concurrent and/or asynchronous applications include:

  • gRPC streaming servers

  • websocket servers

  • pubsub servers

  • reverse proxies

  • cron jobs

  • custom database/cache

  • ETL pipelines

  • log sink

  • filesystem walker

  • code generation

// Machine is an interface for highly asynchronous Go applications
type Machine interface {
	// Publish synchronously publishes the Message
	Publish(ctx context.Context, msg Message)
	// Subscribe synchronously subscribes to messages on a given channel,  executing the given HandlerFunc UNTIL the context cancels OR false is returned by the HandlerFunc.
	// Glob matching IS supported for subscribing to multiple channels at once.
	Subscribe(ctx context.Context, channel string, handler MessageHandlerFunc, opts ...SubscriptionOpt)
	// Go asynchronously executes the given Func
	Go(ctx context.Context, fn Func)
	// Cron asynchronously executes the given function on a timed interval UNTIL the context cancels OR false is returned by the CronFunc
	Cron(ctx context.Context, interval time.Duration, fn CronFunc)
	// Loop asynchronously executes the given function repeatedly UNTIL the context cancels OR false is returned by the LoopFunc
	Loop(ctx context.Context, fn LoopFunc)
	// Wait blocks until all active async functions(Loop, Go, Cron) exit
	Wait()
	// Close blocks until all active routine's exit(calls Wait) then closes all active subscriptions
	Close()
}

Example

        ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 5*time.Second)
  	defer cancel()
  	var (
  		m       = machine.New()
  		results []string
  		mu      sync.RWMutex
  	)
  	defer m.Close()
  
  	m.Go(ctx, func(ctx context.Context) error {
  		m.Subscribe(ctx, "accounting.*", func(ctx context.Context, msg machine.Message) (bool, error) {
  			mu.Lock()
  			results = append(results, fmt.Sprintf("(%s) received msg: %v\n", msg.GetChannel(), msg.GetBody()))
  			mu.Unlock()
  			return true, nil
  		})
  		return nil
  	})
  	m.Go(ctx, func(ctx context.Context) error {
  		m.Subscribe(ctx, "engineering.*", func(ctx context.Context, msg machine.Message) (bool, error) {
  			mu.Lock()
  			results = append(results, fmt.Sprintf("(%s) received msg: %v\n", msg.GetChannel(), msg.GetBody()))
  			mu.Unlock()
  			return true, nil
  		})
  		return nil
  	})
  	m.Go(ctx, func(ctx context.Context) error {
  		m.Subscribe(ctx, "human_resources.*", func(ctx context.Context, msg machine.Message) (bool, error) {
  			mu.Lock()
  			results = append(results, fmt.Sprintf("(%s) received msg: %v\n", msg.GetChannel(), msg.GetBody()))
  			mu.Unlock()
  			return true, nil
  		})
  		return nil
  	})
  	m.Go(ctx, func(ctx context.Context) error {
  		m.Subscribe(ctx, "*", func(ctx context.Context, msg machine.Message) (bool, error) {
  			mu.Lock()
  			results = append(results, fmt.Sprintf("(%s) received msg: %v\n", msg.GetChannel(), msg.GetBody()))
  			mu.Unlock()
  			return true, nil
  		})
  		return nil
  	})
  	<-time.After(1 * time.Second)
  	m.Publish(ctx, machine.Msg{
  		Channel: "human_resources.chat_room6",
  		Body:    "hello world human resources",
  	})
  	m.Publish(ctx, machine.Msg{
  		Channel: "accounting.chat_room2",
  		Body:    "hello world accounting",
  	})
  	m.Publish(ctx, machine.Msg{
  		Channel: "engineering.chat_room1",
  		Body:    "hello world engineering",
  	})
  	m.Wait()
  	sort.Strings(results)
  	for _, res := range results {
  		fmt.Print(res)
  	}
  	// Output:
  	//(accounting.chat_room2) received msg: hello world accounting
  	//(accounting.chat_room2) received msg: hello world accounting
  	//(engineering.chat_room1) received msg: hello world engineering
  	//(engineering.chat_room1) received msg: hello world engineering
  	//(human_resources.chat_room6) received msg: hello world human resources
  	//(human_resources.chat_room6) received msg: hello world human resources

Extended Examples

All examples are < 500 lines of code(excluding code generation)

Owner
Coleman Word
Full stack(Go/Typescript) + Devops engineer
Coleman Word
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Comments
  • How to stop subscriber goroutine when publisher goroutine is canceled ?

    How to stop subscriber goroutine when publisher goroutine is canceled ?

    Hello 👋,

    Firstly, I would like to thank @autom8ter for bringing out the Machine. This package is super helpful in building highly concurrent Go applications.

    In the below code snippet, how can I close subscribers when all the messages are consumed? Currently, the subscriber goroutine is hanging indefinitely.

    numRange := []int{1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9}
    
    m := machine.New(context.Background(),
    		// functions are added to a FIFO channel that will block when active routines == max routines.
    		machine.WithMaxRoutines(d.MaxConcurrentSqlExecutions),
    		// every function executed by machine.Go will recover from panics
    		machine.WithMiddlewares(machine.PanicRecover()),
    	)
    	defer m.Close()
    
    	channelName := "dedupe"
    
    	// start a goroutine that subscribes to all messages sent to the target channel
    	m.Go(func(routine machine.Routine) {
    		for {
    			select {
    			case <-routine.Context().Done():
    				return
    			default:
    				err := routine.Subscribe(channelName, func(obj interface{}) {
    					log.Infof("%v | subscription msg received! channel = %v msg = %v stats = %s\n",
    						routine.PID(), channelName, obj, m.Stats().String())
    				})
    				if err != nil {
    					log.Error("failed to start goroutines to consume jobs ", err)
    					routine.Cancel()
    					return
    				}
    			}
    		}
    	},
    		machine.GoWithTags("subscribe"))
    
    	// start another goroutine that publishes to the target channel every second
    	m.Go(func(routine machine.Routine) {
    		defer routine.Cancel()
    		log.Infof("%v | streaming msg to channel = %v stats = %s\n", routine.PID(), channelName, routine.Machine().Stats().String())
    		// publish message to channel
    		for _, interval := range numRange {
    			err := routine.Publish(channelName, interval)
    			if err != nil {
    				log.Error("failed to start goroutines to consume jobs ", err)
    			}
    		}
    	},
    		machine.GoWithTags("publish"),
    	)
    
    	m.Wait()
    
    

    Thank you!

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