frp
What is frp?
frp is a fast reverse proxy to help you expose a local server behind a NAT or firewall to the Internet. As of now, it supports TCP and UDP, as well as HTTP and HTTPS protocols, where requests can be forwarded to internal services by domain name.
frp also has a P2P connect mode.
Table of Contents
- Development Status
- Architecture
- Example Usage
- Features
- Configuration Files
- Using Environment Variables
- Dashboard
- Admin UI
- Monitor
- Authenticating the Client
- Encryption and Compression
- Hot-Reloading frpc configuration
- Get proxy status from client
- Only allowing certain ports on the server
- Port Reuse
- Bandwidth Limit
- TCP Stream Multiplexing
- Support KCP Protocol
- Connection Pooling
- Load balancing
- Service Health Check
- Rewriting the HTTP Host Header
- Setting other HTTP Headers
- Get Real IP
- Require HTTP Basic Auth (Password) for Web Services
- Custom Subdomain Names
- URL Routing
- TCP Port Multiplexing
- Connecting to frps via HTTP PROXY
- Range ports mapping
- Client Plugins
- Server Manage Plugins
- Development Plan
- Contributing
- Donation
Development Status
frp is under development. Try the latest release version in the master branch, or use the dev branch for the version in development.
The protocol might change at a release and we don't promise backwards compatibility. Please check the release log when upgrading the client and the server.
Architecture
Example Usage
Firstly, download the latest programs from Release page according to your operating system and architecture.
Put frps and frps.ini onto your server A with public IP.
Put frpc and frpc.ini onto your server B in LAN (that can't be connected from public Internet).
Access your computer in LAN by SSH
- Modify
frps.inion server A and set thebind_portto be connected to frp clients:
# frps.ini
[common]
bind_port = 7000
- Start
frpson server A:
./frps -c ./frps.ini
- On server B, modify
frpc.inito put in yourfrpsserver public IP asserver_addrfield:
# frpc.ini
[common]
server_addr = x.x.x.x
server_port = 7000
[ssh]
type = tcp
local_ip = 127.0.0.1
local_port = 22
remote_port = 6000
Note that local_port (listened on client) and remote_port (exposed on server) are for traffic goes in/out the frp system, whereas server_port is used between frps.
- Start
frpcon server B:
./frpc -c ./frpc.ini
- From another machine, SSH to server B like this (assuming that username is
test):
ssh -oPort=6000 [email protected]
Visit your web service in LAN by custom domains
Sometimes we want to expose a local web service behind a NAT network to others for testing with your own domain name and unfortunately we can't resolve a domain name to a local IP.
However, we can expose an HTTP(S) service using frp.
- Modify
frps.ini, set the vhost HTTP port to 8080:
# frps.ini
[common]
bind_port = 7000
vhost_http_port = 8080
- Start
frps:
./frps -c ./frps.ini
- Modify
frpc.iniand setserver_addrto the IP address of the remote frps server. Thelocal_portis the port of your web service:
# frpc.ini
[common]
server_addr = x.x.x.x
server_port = 7000
[web]
type = http
local_port = 80
custom_domains = www.example.com
- Start
frpc:
./frpc -c ./frpc.ini
-
Resolve A record of
www.example.comto the public IP of the remote frps server or CNAME record to your origin domain. -
Now visit your local web service using url
http://www.example.com:8080.
Forward DNS query request
- Modify
frps.ini:
# frps.ini
[common]
bind_port = 7000
- Start
frps:
./frps -c ./frps.ini
- Modify
frpc.iniand setserver_addrto the IP address of the remote frps server, forward DNS query request to Google Public DNS server8.8.8.8:53:
# frpc.ini
[common]
server_addr = x.x.x.x
server_port = 7000
[dns]
type = udp
local_ip = 8.8.8.8
local_port = 53
remote_port = 6000
- Start frpc:
./frpc -c ./frpc.ini
- Test DNS resolution using
digcommand:
dig @x.x.x.x -p 6000 www.google.com
Forward Unix domain socket
Expose a Unix domain socket (e.g. the Docker daemon socket) as TCP.
Configure frps same as above.
- Start
frpcwith configuration:
# frpc.ini
[common]
server_addr = x.x.x.x
server_port = 7000
[unix_domain_socket]
type = tcp
remote_port = 6000
plugin = unix_domain_socket
plugin_unix_path = /var/run/docker.sock
- Test: Get Docker version using
curl:
curl http://x.x.x.x:6000/version
Expose a simple HTTP file server
Browser your files stored in the LAN, from public Internet.
Configure frps same as above.
- Start
frpcwith configuration:
# frpc.ini
[common]
server_addr = x.x.x.x
server_port = 7000
[test_static_file]
type = tcp
remote_port = 6000
plugin = static_file
plugin_local_path = /tmp/files
plugin_strip_prefix = static
plugin_http_user = abc
plugin_http_passwd = abc
- Visit
http://x.x.x.x:6000/static/from your browser and specify correct user and password to view files in/tmp/fileson thefrpcmachine.
Enable HTTPS for local HTTP(S) service
You may substitute https2https for the plugin, and point the plugin_local_addr to a HTTPS endpoint.
- Start
frpcwith configuration:
# frpc.ini
[common]
server_addr = x.x.x.x
server_port = 7000
[test_https2http]
type = https
custom_domains = test.example.com
plugin = https2http
plugin_local_addr = 127.0.0.1:80
plugin_crt_path = ./server.crt
plugin_key_path = ./server.key
plugin_host_header_rewrite = 127.0.0.1
plugin_header_X-From-Where = frp
- Visit
https://test.example.com.
Expose your service privately
Some services will be at risk if exposed directly to the public network. With STCP (secret TCP) mode, a preshared key is needed to access the service from another client.
Configure frps same as above.
- Start
frpcon machine B with the following config. This example is for exposing the SSH service (port 22), and note theskfield for the preshared key, and that theremote_portfield is removed here:
# frpc.ini
[common]
server_addr = x.x.x.x
server_port = 7000
[secret_ssh]
type = stcp
sk = abcdefg
local_ip = 127.0.0.1
local_port = 22
- Start another
frpc(typically on another machine C) with the following config to access the SSH service with a security key (skfield):
# frpc.ini
[common]
server_addr = x.x.x.x
server_port = 7000
[secret_ssh_visitor]
type = stcp
role = visitor
server_name = secret_ssh
sk = abcdefg
bind_addr = 127.0.0.1
bind_port = 6000
- On machine C, connect to SSH on machine B, using this command:
ssh -oPort=6000 127.0.0.1
P2P Mode
xtcp is designed for transmitting large amounts of data directly between clients. A frps server is still needed, as P2P here only refers the actual data transmission.
Note it can't penetrate all types of NAT devices. You might want to fallback to stcp if xtcp doesn't work.
- In
frps.iniconfigure a UDP port for xtcp:
# frps.ini
bind_udp_port = 7001
- Start
frpcon machine B, expose the SSH port. Note thatremote_portfield is removed:
# frpc.ini
[common]
server_addr = x.x.x.x
server_port = 7000
[p2p_ssh]
type = xtcp
sk = abcdefg
local_ip = 127.0.0.1
local_port = 22
- Start another
frpc(typically on another machine C) with the config to connect to SSH using P2P mode:
# frpc.ini
[common]
server_addr = x.x.x.x
server_port = 7000
[p2p_ssh_visitor]
type = xtcp
role = visitor
server_name = p2p_ssh
sk = abcdefg
bind_addr = 127.0.0.1
bind_port = 6000
- On machine C, connect to SSH on machine B, using this command:
ssh -oPort=6000 127.0.0.1
Features
Configuration Files
Read the full example configuration files to find out even more features not described here.
Full configuration file for frps (Server)
Full configuration file for frpc (Client)
Using Environment Variables
Environment variables can be referenced in the configuration file, using Go's standard format:
# frpc.ini
[common]
server_addr = {{ .Envs.FRP_SERVER_ADDR }}
server_port = 7000
[ssh]
type = tcp
local_ip = 127.0.0.1
local_port = 22
remote_port = {{ .Envs.FRP_SSH_REMOTE_PORT }}
With the config above, variables can be passed into frpc program like this:
export FRP_SERVER_ADDR="x.x.x.x"
export FRP_SSH_REMOTE_PORT="6000"
./frpc -c ./frpc.ini
frpc will render configuration file template using OS environment variables. Remember to prefix your reference with .Envs.
Dashboard
Check frp's status and proxies' statistics information by Dashboard.
Configure a port for dashboard to enable this feature:
[common]
dashboard_port = 7500
# dashboard's username and password are both optional，if not set, default is admin.
dashboard_user = admin
dashboard_pwd = admin
Then visit http://[server_addr]:7500 to see the dashboard, with username and password both being admin by default.
Admin UI
The Admin UI helps you check and manage frpc's configuration.
Configure an address for admin UI to enable this feature:
[common]
admin_addr = 127.0.0.1
admin_port = 7400
admin_user = admin
admin_pwd = admin
Then visit http://127.0.0.1:7400 to see admin UI, with username and password both being admin by default.
Monitor
When dashboard is enabled, frps will save monitor data in cache. It will be cleared after process restart.
Prometheus is also supported.
Prometheus
Enable dashboard first, then configure enable_prometheus = true in frps.ini.
http://{dashboard_addr}/metrics will provide prometheus monitor data.
Authenticating the Client
There are 2 authentication methods to authenticate frpc with frps.
You can decide which one to use by configuring authentication_method under [common] in frpc.ini and frps.ini.
Configuring authenticate_heartbeats = true under [common] will use the configured authentication method to add and validate authentication on every heartbeat between frpc and frps.
Configuring authenticate_new_work_conns = true under [common] will do the same for every new work connection between frpc and frps.
Token Authentication
When specifying authentication_method = token under [common] in frpc.ini and frps.ini - token based authentication will be used.
Make sure to specify the same token in the [common] section in frps.ini and frpc.ini for frpc to pass frps validation
OIDC Authentication
When specifying authentication_method = oidc under [common] in frpc.ini and frps.ini - OIDC based authentication will be used.
OIDC stands for OpenID Connect, and the flow used is called Client Credentials Grant.
To use this authentication type - configure frpc.ini and frps.ini as follows:
# frps.ini
[common]
authentication_method = oidc
oidc_issuer = https://example-oidc-issuer.com/
oidc_audience = https://oidc-audience.com/.default
# frpc.ini
[common]
authentication_method = oidc
oidc_client_id = 98692467-37de-409a-9fac-bb2585826f18 # Replace with OIDC client ID
oidc_client_secret = oidc_secret
oidc_audience = https://oidc-audience.com/.default
oidc_token_endpoint_url = https://example-oidc-endpoint.com/oauth2/v2.0/token
Encryption and Compression
The features are off by default. You can turn on encryption and/or compression:
# frpc.ini
[ssh]
type = tcp
local_port = 22
remote_port = 6000
use_encryption = true
use_compression = true
TLS
frp supports the TLS protocol between frpc and frps since v0.25.0.
For port multiplexing, frp sends a first byte 0x17 to dial a TLS connection.
Configure tls_enable = true in the [common] section to frpc.ini to enable this feature.
To enforce frps to only accept TLS connections - configure tls_only = true in the [common] section in frps.ini. This is optional.
frpc TLS settings (under the [common] section):
tls_enable = true
tls_cert_file = certificate.crt
tls_key_file = certificate.key
tls_trusted_ca_file = ca.crt
frps TLS settings (under the [common] section):
tls_only = true
tls_enable = true
tls_cert_file = certificate.crt
tls_key_file = certificate.key
tls_trusted_ca_file = ca.crt
You will need a root CA cert and at least one SSL/TLS certificate. It can be self-signed or regular (such as Let's Encrypt or another SSL/TLS certificate provider).
If you using frp via IP address and not hostname, make sure to set the appropriate IP address in the Subject Alternative Name (SAN) area when generating SSL/TLS Certificates.
Given an example:
- Prepare openssl config file. It exists at
/etc/pki/tls/openssl.cnfin Linux System and/System/Library/OpenSSL/openssl.cnfin MacOS, and you can copy it to current path, likecp /etc/pki/tls/openssl.cnf ./my-openssl.cnf. If not, you can build it by yourself, like:
cat > my-openssl.cnf << EOF
[ ca ]
default_ca = CA_default
[ CA_default ]
x509_extensions = usr_cert
[ req ]
default_bits = 2048
default_md = sha256
default_keyfile = privkey.pem
distinguished_name = req_distinguished_name
attributes = req_attributes
x509_extensions = v3_ca
string_mask = utf8only
[ req_distinguished_name ]
[ req_attributes ]
[ usr_cert ]
basicConstraints = CA:FALSE
nsComment = "OpenSSL Generated Certificate"
subjectKeyIdentifier = hash
authorityKeyIdentifier = keyid,issuer
[ v3_ca ]
subjectKeyIdentifier = hash
authorityKeyIdentifier = keyid:always,issuer
basicConstraints = CA:true
EOF
- build ca certificates:
openssl genrsa -out ca.key 2048
openssl req -x509 -new -nodes -key ca.key -subj "/CN=example.ca.com" -days 5000 -out ca.crt
- build frps certificates:
openssl genrsa -out server.key 2048
openssl req -new -sha256 -key server.key \
-subj "/C=XX/ST=DEFAULT/L=DEFAULT/O=DEFAULT/CN=server.com" \
-reqexts SAN \
-config <(cat my-openssl.cnf <(printf "\n[SAN]\nsubjectAltName=DNS:localhost,IP:127.0.0.1,DNS:example.server.com")) \
-out server.csr
openssl x509 -req -days 365 \
-in server.csr -CA ca.crt -CAkey ca.key -CAcreateserial \
-extfile <(printf "subjectAltName=DNS:localhost,IP:127.0.0.1,DNS:example.server.com") \
-out server.crt
- build frpc certificates：
openssl genrsa -out client.key 2048
openssl req -new -sha256 -key client.key \
-subj "/C=XX/ST=DEFAULT/L=DEFAULT/O=DEFAULT/CN=client.com" \
-reqexts SAN \
-config <(cat my-openssl.cnf <(printf "\n[SAN]\nsubjectAltName=DNS:client.com,DNS:example.client.com")) \
-out client.csr
openssl x509 -req -days 365 \
-in client.csr -CA ca.crt -CAkey ca.key -CAcreateserial \
-extfile <(printf "subjectAltName=DNS:client.com,DNS:example.client.com") \
-out client.crt
Hot-Reloading frpc configuration
The admin_addr and admin_port fields are required for enabling HTTP API:
# frpc.ini
[common]
admin_addr = 127.0.0.1
admin_port = 7400
Then run command frpc reload -c ./frpc.ini and wait for about 10 seconds to let frpc create or update or delete proxies.
Note that parameters in [common] section won't be modified except 'start'.
Get proxy status from client
Use frpc status -c ./frpc.ini to get status of all proxies. The admin_addr and admin_port fields are required for enabling HTTP API.
Only allowing certain ports on the server
allow_ports in frps.ini is used to avoid abuse of ports:
# frps.ini
[common]
allow_ports = 2000-3000,3001,3003,4000-50000
allow_ports consists of specific ports or port ranges (lowest port number, dash -, highest port number), separated by comma ,.
Port Reuse
vhost_http_port and vhost_https_port in frps can use same port with bind_port. frps will detect the connection's protocol and handle it correspondingly.
We would like to try to allow multiple proxies bind a same remote port with different protocols in the future.
Bandwidth Limit
For Each Proxy
# frpc.ini
[ssh]
type = tcp
local_port = 22
remote_port = 6000
bandwidth_limit = 1MB
Set bandwidth_limit in each proxy's configure to enable this feature. Supported units are MB and KB.
TCP Stream Multiplexing
frp supports tcp stream multiplexing since v0.10.0 like HTTP2 Multiplexing, in which case all logic connections to the same frpc are multiplexed into the same TCP connection.
You can disable this feature by modify frps.ini and frpc.ini:
# frps.ini and frpc.ini, must be same
[common]
tcp_mux = false
Support KCP Protocol
KCP is a fast and reliable protocol that can achieve the transmission effect of a reduction of the average latency by 30% to 40% and reduction of the maximum delay by a factor of three, at the cost of 10% to 20% more bandwidth wasted than TCP.
KCP mode uses UDP as the underlying transport. Using KCP in frp:
- Enable KCP in frps:
# frps.ini
[common]
bind_port = 7000
# Specify a UDP port for KCP.
kcp_bind_port = 7000
The kcp_bind_port number can be the same number as bind_port, since bind_port field specifies a TCP port.
- Configure
frpc.inito use KCP to connect to frps:
# frpc.ini
[common]
server_addr = x.x.x.x
# Same as the 'kcp_bind_port' in frps.ini
server_port = 7000
protocol = kcp
Connection Pooling
By default, frps creates a new frpc connection to the backend service upon a user request. With connection pooling, frps keeps a certain number of pre-established connections, reducing the time needed to establish a connection.
This feature is suitable for a large number of short connections.
- Configure the limit of pool count each proxy can use in
frps.ini:
# frps.ini
[common]
max_pool_count = 5
- Enable and specify the number of connection pool:
# frpc.ini
[common]
pool_count = 1
Load balancing
Load balancing is supported by group.
This feature is only available for types tcp and http now.
# frpc.ini
[test1]
type = tcp
local_port = 8080
remote_port = 80
group = web
group_key = 123
[test2]
type = tcp
local_port = 8081
remote_port = 80
group = web
group_key = 123
group_key is used for authentication.
Connections to port 80 will be dispatched to proxies in the same group randomly.
For type tcp, remote_port in the same group should be the same.
For type http, custom_domains, subdomain, locations should be the same.
Service Health Check
Health check feature can help you achieve high availability with load balancing.
Add health_check_type = tcp or health_check_type = http to enable health check.
With health check type tcp, the service port will be pinged (TCPing):
# frpc.ini
[test1]
type = tcp
local_port = 22
remote_port = 6000
# Enable TCP health check
health_check_type = tcp
# TCPing timeout seconds
health_check_timeout_s = 3
# If health check failed 3 times in a row, the proxy will be removed from frps
health_check_max_failed = 3
# A health check every 10 seconds
health_check_interval_s = 10
With health check type http, an HTTP request will be sent to the service and an HTTP 2xx OK response is expected:
# frpc.ini
[web]
type = http
local_ip = 127.0.0.1
local_port = 80
custom_domains = test.example.com
# Enable HTTP health check
health_check_type = http
# frpc will send a GET request to '/status'
# and expect an HTTP 2xx OK response
health_check_url = /status
health_check_timeout_s = 3
health_check_max_failed = 3
health_check_interval_s = 10
Rewriting the HTTP Host Header
By default frp does not modify the tunneled HTTP requests at all as it's a byte-for-byte copy.
However, speaking of web servers and HTTP requests, your web server might rely on the Host HTTP header to determine the website to be accessed. frp can rewrite the Host header when forwarding the HTTP requests, with the host_header_rewrite field:
# frpc.ini
[web]
type = http
local_port = 80
custom_domains = test.example.com
host_header_rewrite = dev.example.com
The HTTP request will have the the Host header rewritten to Host: dev.example.com when it reaches the actual web server, although the request from the browser probably has Host: test.example.com.
Setting other HTTP Headers
Similar to Host, You can override other HTTP request headers with proxy type http.
# frpc.ini
[web]
type = http
local_port = 80
custom_domains = test.example.com
host_header_rewrite = dev.example.com
header_X-From-Where = frp
Note that parameter(s) prefixed with header_ will be added to HTTP request headers.
In this example, it will set header X-From-Where: frp in the HTTP request.
Get Real IP
HTTP X-Forwarded-For
This feature is for http proxy only.
You can get user's real IP from HTTP request headers X-Forwarded-For and X-Real-IP.
Proxy Protocol
frp supports Proxy Protocol to send user's real IP to local services. It support all types except UDP.
Here is an example for https service:
# frpc.ini
[web]
type = https
local_port = 443
custom_domains = test.example.com
# now v1 and v2 are supported
proxy_protocol_version = v2
You can enable Proxy Protocol support in nginx to expose user's real IP in HTTP header X-Real-IP, and then read X-Real-IP header in your web service for the real IP.
Require HTTP Basic Auth (Password) for Web Services
Anyone who can guess your tunnel URL can access your local web server unless you protect it with a password.
This enforces HTTP Basic Auth on all requests with the username and password specified in frpc's configure file.
It can only be enabled when proxy type is http.
# frpc.ini
[web]
type = http
local_port = 80
custom_domains = test.example.com
http_user = abc
http_pwd = abc
Visit http://test.example.com in the browser and now you are prompted to enter the username and password.
Custom Subdomain Names
It is convenient to use subdomain configure for http and https types when many people share one frps server.
# frps.ini
subdomain_host = frps.com
Resolve *.frps.com to the frps server's IP. This is usually called a Wildcard DNS record.
# frpc.ini
[web]
type = http
local_port = 80
subdomain = test
Now you can visit your web service on test.frps.com.
Note that if subdomain_host is not empty, custom_domains should not be the subdomain of subdomain_host.
URL Routing
frp supports forwarding HTTP requests to different backend web services by url routing.
locations specifies the prefix of URL used for routing. frps first searches for the most specific prefix location given by literal strings regardless of the listed order.
# frpc.ini
[web01]
type = http
local_port = 80
custom_domains = web.example.com
locations = /
[web02]
type = http
local_port = 81
custom_domains = web.example.com
locations = /news,/about
HTTP requests with URL prefix /news or /about will be forwarded to web02 and other requests to web01.
TCP Port Multiplexing
frp supports receiving TCP sockets directed to different proxies on a single port on frps, similar to vhost_http_port and vhost_https_port.
The only supported TCP port multiplexing method available at the moment is httpconnect - HTTP CONNECT tunnel.
When setting tcpmux_httpconnect_port to anything other than 0 in frps under [common], frps will listen on this port for HTTP CONNECT requests.
The host of the HTTP CONNECT request will be used to match the proxy in frps. Proxy hosts can be configured in frpc by configuring custom_domain and / or subdomain under type = tcpmux proxies, when multiplexer = httpconnect.
For example:
# frps.ini
[common]
bind_port = 7000
tcpmux_httpconnect_port = 1337
# frpc.ini
[common]
server_addr = x.x.x.x
server_port = 7000
[proxy1]
type = tcpmux
multiplexer = httpconnect
custom_domains = test1
[proxy2]
type = tcpmux
multiplexer = httpconnect
custom_domains = test2
In the above configuration - frps can be contacted on port 1337 with a HTTP CONNECT header such as:
CONNECT test1 HTTP/1.1\r\n\r\n
and the connection will be routed to proxy1.
Connecting to frps via HTTP PROXY
frpc can connect to frps using HTTP proxy if you set OS environment variable HTTP_PROXY, or if http_proxy is set in frpc.ini file.
It only works when protocol is tcp.
# frpc.ini
[common]
server_addr = x.x.x.x
server_port = 7000
http_proxy = http://user:[email protected]:8080
Range ports mapping
Proxy with names that start with range: will support mapping range ports.
# frpc.ini
[range:test_tcp]
type = tcp
local_ip = 127.0.0.1
local_port = 6000-6006,6007
remote_port = 6000-6006,6007
frpc will generate 8 proxies like test_tcp_0, test_tcp_1, ..., test_tcp_7.
Client Plugins
frpc only forwards requests to local TCP or UDP ports by default.
Plugins are used for providing rich features. There are built-in plugins such as unix_domain_socket, http_proxy, socks5, static_file and you can see example usage.
Specify which plugin to use with the plugin parameter. Configuration parameters of plugin should be started with plugin_. local_ip and local_port are not used for plugin.
Using plugin http_proxy:
# frpc.ini
[http_proxy]
type = tcp
remote_port = 6000
plugin = http_proxy
plugin_http_user = abc
plugin_http_passwd = abc
plugin_http_user and plugin_http_passwd are configuration parameters used in http_proxy plugin.
Server Manage Plugins
Read the document.
Find more plugins in gofrp/plugin.
Development Plan
- Log HTTP request information in frps.
Contributing
Interested in getting involved? We would like to help you!
- Take a look at our issues list and consider sending a Pull Request to dev branch.
- If you want to add a new feature, please create an issue first to describe the new feature, as well as the implementation approach. Once a proposal is accepted, create an implementation of the new features and submit it as a pull request.
- Sorry for my poor English. Improvements for this document are welcome, even some typo fixes.
- If you have great ideas, send an email to [email protected].
Note: We prefer you to give your advise in issues, so others with a same question can search it quickly and we don't need to answer them repeatedly.
Donation
If frp helps you a lot, you can support us by:
frp QQ group: 606194980
AliPay
Wechat Pay
PayPal
Donate money by PayPal to my account [email protected].
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