pgzip
Go parallel gzip compression/decompression. This is a fully gzip compatible drop in replacement for "compress/gzip".
This will split compression into blocks that are compressed in parallel. This can be useful for compressing big amounts of data. The output is a standard gzip file.
The gzip decompression is modified so it decompresses ahead of the current reader. This means that reads will be non-blocking if the decompressor can keep ahead of your code reading from it. CRC calculation also takes place in a separate goroutine.
You should only use this if you are (de)compressing big amounts of data, say more than 1MB at the time, otherwise you will not see any benefit, and it will likely be faster to use the internal gzip library or this package.
It is important to note that this library creates and reads standard gzip files. You do not have to match the compressor/decompressor to get the described speedups, and the gzip files are fully compatible with other gzip readers/writers.
A golang variant of this is bgzf, which has the same feature, as well as seeking in the resulting file. The only drawback is a slightly bigger overhead compared to this and pure gzip. See a comparison below.
Installation
go get github.com/klauspost/pgzip/...
You might need to get/update the dependencies:
go get -u github.com/klauspost/compress
Usage
To use as a replacement for gzip, exchange
import "compress/gzip" with import gzip "github.com/klauspost/pgzip".
Changes
- Oct 6, 2016: Fixed an issue if the destination writer returned an error.
- Oct 6, 2016: Better buffer reuse, should now generate less garbage.
- Oct 6, 2016: Output does not change based on write sizes.
- Dec 8, 2015: Decoder now supports the io.WriterTo interface, giving a speedup and less GC pressure.
- Oct 9, 2015: Reduced allocations by ~35 by using sync.Pool. ~15% overall speedup.
Changes in github.com/klauspost/compress are also carried over, so see that for more changes.
Compression
The simplest way to use this is to simply do the same as you would when using compress/gzip.
To change the block size, use the added (*pgzip.Writer).SetConcurrency(blockSize, blocks int) function. With this you can control the approximate size of your blocks, as well as how many you want to be processing in parallel. Default values for this is SetConcurrency(1MB, runtime.GOMAXPROCS(0)), meaning blocks are split at 1 MB and up to the number of CPU threads blocks can be processing at once before the writer blocks.
Example:
var b bytes.Buffer
w := gzip.NewWriter(&b)
w.SetConcurrency(100000, 10)
w.Write([]byte("hello, world\n"))
w.Close()
To get any performance gains, you should at least be compressing more than 1 megabyte of data at the time.
You should at least have a block size of 100k and at least a number of blocks that match the number of cores your would like to utilize, but about twice the number of blocks would be the best.
Another side effect of this is, that it is likely to speed up your other code, since writes to the compressor only blocks if the compressor is already compressing the number of blocks you have specified. This also means you don't have worry about buffering input to the compressor.
Decompression
Decompression works similar to compression. That means that you simply call pgzip the same way as you would call compress/gzip.
The only difference is that if you want to specify your own readahead, you have to use pgzip.NewReaderN(r io.Reader, blockSize, blocks int) to get a reader with your custom blocksizes. The blockSize is the size of each block decoded, and blocks is the maximum number of blocks that is decoded ahead.
Performance
Compression
See my blog post in Benchmarks of Golang Gzip.
Compression cost is usually about 0.2% with default settings with a block size of 250k.
Example with GOMAXPROC set to 32 (16 core CPU)
Content is Matt Mahoneys 10GB corpus. Compression level 6.
| Compressor | MB/sec | speedup | size | size overhead (lower=better) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| gzip (golang) | 15.44MB/s (1 thread) | 1.0x | 4781329307 | 0% |
| gzip (klauspost) | 135.04MB/s (1 thread) | 8.74x | 4894858258 | +2.37% |
| pgzip (klauspost) | 1573.23MB/s | 101.9x | 4902285651 | +2.53% |
| bgzf (biogo) | 361.40MB/s | 23.4x | 4869686090 | +1.85% |
| pargzip (builder) | 306.01MB/s | 19.8x | 4786890417 | +0.12% |
pgzip also contains a linear time compression mode, that will allow compression at ~250MB per core per second, independent of the content.
See the complete sheet for different content types and compression settings.
Decompression
The decompression speedup is there because it allows you to do other work while the decompression is taking place.
In the example above, the numbers are as follows on a 4 CPU machine:
| Decompressor | Time | Speedup |
|---|---|---|
| gzip (golang) | 1m28.85s | 0% |
| pgzip (golang) | 43.48s | 104% |
But wait, since gzip decompression is inherently singlethreaded (aside from CRC calculation) how can it be more than 100% faster? Because pgzip due to its design also acts as a buffer. When using unbuffered gzip, you are also waiting for io when you are decompressing. If the gzip decoder can keep up, it will always have data ready for your reader, and you will not be waiting for input to the gzip decompressor to complete.
This is pretty much an optimal situation for pgzip, but it reflects most common usecases for CPU intensive gzip usage.
I haven't included bgzf in this comparison, since it only can decompress files created by a compatible encoder, and therefore cannot be considered a generic gzip decompressor. But if you are able to compress your files with a bgzf compatible program, you can expect it to scale beyond 100%.
License
This contains large portions of code from the go repository - see GO_LICENSE for more information. The changes are released under MIT License. See LICENSE for more information.
