From the protobuf wire format we can tell whether a specific field exists or not. And in protobuf 2 generated code, all fields have a "HasXXX" method to tell whether the field exists or not in code. However in proto 3, we lost that ability. E.g. now we can't tell if a int32 field is missing, or has a value of 0 (default for int32 type).

In many scenario, we need the ability to differentiate missing vs default value (basically nullable support for scalar types).

Feng suggest workarounds:

1. Use a wrapper message, such as google.protobuf.Int32Value. In proto3, message fields still have has-bits.
2. Use an oneof. For example: message Test1 { oneof a_oneof { int32 a = 1; } } then you can check test.getAOneofCase().

However, this requires change the message definition, which is a no go if you need to keep the message compatible while upgrade from proto2 to proto 3.

We need to add back the support to detect whether a scalar type field exist or not.

More discussion here: https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/protobuf/6eJKPXXoJ88

I have a package foo that looks like this:

.
├── data
│   ├── a.proto
│   └── b.proto
└── generated
    ├── a_pb2.py
    ├── b_pb2.py
    └── __init__.py

# a.proto
package foo;

# b.proto
import "a.proto";

package foo;

Generate the code: protoc -I ./data --python_out=generated data/a.proto data/b.proto. Here is the failure:

Python 3.5.1 (default, Mar  3 2016, 09:29:07) 
[GCC 5.3.0] on linux
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> from generated import b_pb2
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
  File "/home/corentih/repro/generated/b_pb2.py", line 16, in <module>
    import a_pb2
ImportError: No module named 'a_pb2'

This is beacuse the generated code looks like this:

import a_pb2

If the import was relative it would actually work:

from . import a_pb2

quoting @jskeet: "There's suspicion the current version of C# protobufs won't work with Unity, but we can add another build target for that later when we find a need - we can create a new minor version of the NuGet package for that with no problems.

My experience with the "old" protobuf-csharp-port is that Unity on iOS has various issues, so I think we'll want to investigate them pretty thoroughly before trying to support it anyway - and we may need to conditionally compile out some features. We'll see... but I'd like to avoid having Unity support block a dotnetcore release."

also see #638

The glcoud-ruby project has an issue opened by a user (GoogleCloudPlatform/gcloud-ruby#712) that is unable to install the latest version due to the dependencies on the grpc and google-protobuf gems not installing on jruby. I am not able to get the google-protobuf gem to install using versions 9.1.1.0 or 9.0.0.0.

Here is the install on mac:

$ ruby -v
jruby 9.1.1.0 (2.3.0) 2016-05-19 fe84e89 Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM 25.91-b14 on 1.8.0_91-b14 +jit [darwin-x86_64]

$ gem install --ignore-dependencies google-protobuf -v 3.0.0.alpha.5.0.5.1
Building native extensions.  This could take a while...
ERROR:  Error installing google-protobuf:
    ERROR: Failed to build gem native extension.

    current directory: /Users/blowmage/.gem/repos/jruby-9.1.1.0-grpc/gems/google-protobuf-3.0.0.alpha.5.0.5.1/ext/google/protobuf_c
/Users/blowmage/.rubies/jruby-9.1.1.0/bin/jruby -r ./siteconf20160524-43044-1fuqmwb.rb extconf.rb
NotImplementedError: C extensions are not supported
    <top> at /Users/blowmage/.rubies/jruby-9.1.1.0/lib/ruby/stdlib/mkmf.rb:1
  require at org/jruby/RubyKernel.java:944
   (root) at /Users/blowmage/.rubies/jruby-9.1.1.0/lib/ruby/stdlib/rubygems/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:1
    <top> at extconf.rb:3

extconf failed, exit code 1

Gem files will remain installed in /Users/blowmage/.gem/repos/jruby-9.1.1.0-grpc/gems/google-protobuf-3.0.0.alpha.5.0.5.1 for inspection.
Results logged to /Users/blowmage/.gem/repos/jruby-9.1.1.0-grpc/extensions/universal-java-1.8/2.3.0/google-protobuf-3.0.0.alpha.5.0.5.1/gem_make.out

Here is the install on linux:

$ ./bin/jruby -v
jruby 9.1.1.0 (2.3.0) 2016-05-19 fe84e89 OpenJDK 64-Bit Server VM 24.95-b01 on 1.7.0_95-b00 +jit [linux-x86_64]

$ ./bin/jruby -S gem install --ignore-dependencies google-protobuf -v 3.0.0.alpha.5.0.5.1
Building native extensions.  This could take a while...
ERROR:  Error installing google-protobuf:
    ERROR: Failed to build gem native extension.

    current directory: /home/vagrant/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.0/gems/google-protobuf-3.0.0.alpha.5.0.5.1/ext/google/protobuf_c
/home/vagrant/jruby-9.1.1.0/bin/jruby -r ./siteconf20160524-3528-jeg3gw.rb extconf.rb
NotImplementedError: C extensions are not supported
    <top> at /home/vagrant/jruby-9.1.1.0/lib/ruby/stdlib/mkmf.rb:1
  require at org/jruby/RubyKernel.java:944
   (root) at /home/vagrant/jruby-9.1.1.0/lib/ruby/stdlib/rubygems/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:1
    <top> at extconf.rb:3

extconf failed, exit code 1

Gem files will remain installed in /home/vagrant/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.0/gems/google-protobuf-3.0.0.alpha.5.0.5.1 for inspection.
Results logged to /home/vagrant/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.0/extensions/universal-java-1.7/2.3.0/google-protobuf-3.0.0.alpha.5.0.5.1/gem_make.out

IMO C# protobuf implementation could strongly benefit performance-wise from allowing some unsafe code.

Background

First of all I am not saying that unsafe should be enabled in every build/every platform, having 100% managed library is always a nice feature. All I am suggesting is again some conditional feature on some platform.

However there is a trend to move towards unsafe mixing we can observe in .NET Core. For example a lot of .NET Core libraries use unsafe code due to need to interop with different kind of unmanaged libraries or just to handle AOT compiled code.

API change

Today CodedInputStream works in two modes: streaming with byte[] buffer and with a fixed buffer.

It would be really nice to be able to provide byte * and length to CodedInputStream constructor.

Alternatively we could create an UnmanagedCodedInputStream which would work on unmanaged memory.

This would require to abstracting CodedInputStream as an interface

Affected APIs

Async API #3166 makes absolutely no sense for UnmanagedCodedInputStream because it assumes everything have been already read.

Benefits

1. It's extremely useful for interop (See scenario 1)
2. It can work with stackalloc (See scenario 2)
3. It allows even quicker deserialization we can quicker deserialize byte * to for example fixed-size primitive types by pointer dereference. (Endiannes might be a problem here)

Scenarios

Scenario 1. NoSQL Database

User is using native NoSQL database (for example RocksDB/LevelDB) and is using protobuf for data persistence. Database returns native allocated pointer with buffer. Instead of copying entire buffer to the memory user can deserialize record straight from the returned memory native memory and then free the pointer. Very little GC is involved and there is practically no overhead.

Scenario 2. Stackalloc-ated buffers

For performance reasons to decrease heap allocations and allocate buffer on stack. This scenario can be alternatively handled by Buffer Pooling, however stackalloc seems to be more efficient.

Affected by

https://github.com/dotnet/corefxlab/blob/master/docs/specs/span.md - this work in progress improvement can allow to achieve the same goals in a managed way by providing some platform improvements.

I know that unknown fields have been removed from proto3, but I am trying to get an explanation about why this change was made and if there is any way to replicate that behavior in proto3.

Thanks so much.

referred from golang/protobuf#25

This should work on Unity, Mono and .NET 3.5 as far as I'm aware. It won't work on platforms where reflection itself is prohibited, but that's a non-starter basically.

Creating a PR to start with, but I'd like to test it in other environments before merging. Once this is in, we can look at potentially officially supporting .NET 3.5 and Unity (#644).

This is very WIP/rough. I had to create a new ISpanMessage<T> interface, and some areas do not have full support for it yet (they are throwing NotSupportException right now).

Nothing has been done on the code gen side. The way the reader and writer are used compared to the streams is almost identitical so code gen changes should be minimal.

Perf numbers:

WriteToByteArray and ParseFromByteArray both allocate the byte array. This matches how serialization from gRPC works today.

WriteToBufferWriter writes to an IBufferWriter<byte> and doesn't allocate at all. For a small message CodedOutputWriter is slower than CodedOutputStream. It is faster for medium/large messages. Still some tuning to be done.

ParseFromReadOnlySequence reads from a sequence. Its allocations are related to creating the message and whatever strings exist on the message. Using CodedInputReader is consistently faster than CodedInputStream.

|                    Method |     Mean |     Error |    StdDev |   Median | Gen 0/1k Op | Gen 1/1k Op | Gen 2/1k Op | Allocated Memory/Op |
|-------------------------- |---------:|----------:|----------:|---------:|------------:|------------:|------------:|--------------------:|
|          WriteToByteArray | 377.5 ns | 11.210 ns | 32.876 ns | 370.3 ns |      0.0682 |           - |           - |               288 B |
|        ParseFromByteArray | 385.2 ns |  8.280 ns | 23.624 ns | 377.5 ns |      0.2666 |           - |           - |              1120 B |
|       WriteToBufferWriter | 294.0 ns |  3.658 ns |  3.421 ns | 293.6 ns |           - |           - |           - |                   - |
| ParseFromReadOnlySequence | 338.6 ns |  6.696 ns | 10.621 ns | 336.0 ns |      0.1903 |           - |           - |               800 B |

@jskeet @davidfowl @JunTaoLuo @jtattermusch

Example error for the google-cloud-logging==3.1.1 library using protobuf==4.21.0:

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.10/site-packages/google/cloud/logging/__init__.py", line 18, in <module>
    from google.cloud.logging_v2 import __version__
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.10/site-packages/google/cloud/logging_v2/__init__.py", line 25, in <module>
    from google.cloud.logging_v2.client import Client
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.10/site-packages/google/cloud/logging_v2/client.py", line 25, in <module>
    from google.cloud.logging_v2._helpers import _add_defaults_to_filter
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.10/site-packages/google/cloud/logging_v2/_helpers.py", line 25, in <module>
    from google.cloud.logging_v2.entries import LogEntry
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.10/site-packages/google/cloud/logging_v2/entries.py", line 31, in <module>
    import google.cloud.audit.audit_log_pb2  # noqa: F401
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.10/site-packages/google/cloud/audit/audit_log_pb2.py", line 62, in <module>
    _descriptor.FieldDescriptor(
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.10/site-packages/google/protobuf/descriptor.py", line 560, in __new__
    _message.Message._CheckCalledFromGeneratedFile()
TypeError: Descriptors cannot not be created directly.
If this call came from a _pb2.py file, your generated code is out of date and must be regenerated with protoc >= 3.19.0.
If you cannot immediately regenerate your protos, some other possible workarounds are:
 1. Downgrade the protobuf package to 3.20.x or lower.
 2. Set PROTOCOL_BUFFERS_PYTHON_IMPLEMENTATION=python (but this will use pure-Python parsing and will be much slower).

More information: https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/docs/news/2022-05-06#python-updates

Note that this works fine with the previous protobuf==3.20.1 release.

To reproduce:

docker run -it python:3.10 /bin/bash
# Within the Docker container:
pip3 install google-cloud-logging==3.1.1 protobuf==4.21.0
python3 -c "import google.cloud.logging"

Hello there,

The following segmentation fault pops up upon running

ruby -e 'require "google/cloud/trace"'

inside of a Docker container based on ruby:2.5-alpine (alpine 3.7.0)

Gemfile.lock (partial)

    google-cloud-core (1.2.0)
      google-cloud-env (~> 1.0)
    google-cloud-env (1.0.1)
      faraday (~> 0.11)
    google-cloud-trace (0.31.0)
      google-cloud-core (~> 1.2)
      google-gax (~> 1.0)
      stackdriver-core (~> 1.3)
    google-gax (1.0.1)
      google-protobuf (~> 3.2)
      googleapis-common-protos (>= 1.3.5, < 2.0)
      googleauth (~> 0.6.2)
      grpc (>= 1.7.2, < 2.0)
      rly (~> 0.2.3)
    google-protobuf (3.5.1.2)
    googleapis-common-protos (1.3.7)
      google-protobuf (~> 3.0)
      googleapis-common-protos-types (~> 1.0)
      grpc (~> 1.0)
    googleapis-common-protos-types (1.0.1)
      google-protobuf (~> 3.0)
    googleauth (0.6.2)
      faraday (~> 0.12)
      jwt (>= 1.4, < 3.0)
      logging (~> 2.0)
      memoist (~> 0.12)
      multi_json (~> 1.11)
      os (~> 0.9)
      signet (~> 0.7)
    grpc (1.10.0)
      google-protobuf (~> 3.1)
      googleapis-common-protos-types (~> 1.0.0)
      googleauth (>= 0.5.1, < 0.7)

Ruby Segfault Dump

/usr/local/bundle/gems/google-protobuf-3.5.1.2-x86_64-linux/lib/google/protobuf/any_pb.rb:15: [BUG] Segmentation fault at 0x0000000000016e16
ruby 2.5.1p57 (2018-03-29 revision 63029) [x86_64-linux-musl]

-- Control frame information -----------------------------------------------
c:0039 p:---- s:0240 e:000239 CFUNC  :msgclass
c:0038 p:0022 s:0236 e:000235 CLASS  /usr/local/bundle/gems/google-protobuf-3.5.1.2-x86_64-linux/lib/google/protobuf/any_pb.rb:15
c:0037 p:0007 s:0233 e:000232 CLASS  /usr/local/bundle/gems/google-protobuf-3.5.1.2-x86_64-linux/lib/google/protobuf/any_pb.rb:14
c:0036 p:0033 s:0230 E:001380 TOP    /usr/local/bundle/gems/google-protobuf-3.5.1.2-x86_64-linux/lib/google/protobuf/any_pb.rb:13 [FINISH]
c:0035 p:---- s:0227 e:000226 CFUNC  :require
c:0034 p:0110 s:0222 e:000221 METHOD /usr/local/lib/ruby/2.5.0/rubygems/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:59
c:0033 p:0013 s:0210 e:000209 TOP    /usr/local/bundle/gems/googleapis-common-protos-types-1.0.1/lib/google/rpc/status_pb.rb:6 [FINISH]
c:0032 p:---- s:0207 e:000206 CFUNC  :require
c:0031 p:0110 s:0202 e:000201 METHOD /usr/local/lib/ruby/2.5.0/rubygems/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:59
c:0030 p:0013 s:0190 e:000189 TOP    /usr/local/bundle/gems/grpc-1.10.0-x86_64-linux/src/ruby/lib/grpc/google_rpc_status_utils.rb:16 [FINISH]
c:0029 p:---- s:0187 e:000186 CFUNC  :require
c:0028 p:0110 s:0182 e:000181 METHOD /usr/local/lib/ruby/2.5.0/rubygems/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:59
c:0027 p:0013 s:0170 e:000169 TOP    /usr/local/bundle/gems/google-gax-1.0.1/lib/google/gax/grpc.rb:31 [FINISH]
c:0026 p:---- s:0167 e:000166 CFUNC  :require
c:0025 p:0110 s:0162 e:000161 METHOD /usr/local/lib/ruby/2.5.0/rubygems/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:59
c:0024 p:0013 s:0150 e:000149 TOP    /usr/local/bundle/gems/google-gax-1.0.1/lib/google/gax/errors.rb:32 [FINISH]
c:0023 p:---- s:0147 e:000146 CFUNC  :require
c:0022 p:0110 s:0142 e:000141 METHOD /usr/local/lib/ruby/2.5.0/rubygems/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:59
c:0021 p:0013 s:0130 e:000129 TOP    /usr/local/bundle/gems/google-gax-1.0.1/lib/google/gax/api_callable.rb:32 [FINISH]
c:0020 p:---- s:0127 e:000126 CFUNC  :require
c:0019 p:0110 s:0122 e:000121 METHOD /usr/local/lib/ruby/2.5.0/rubygems/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:59
c:0018 p:0006 s:0110 e:000109 TOP    /usr/local/bundle/gems/google-gax-1.0.1/lib/google/gax.rb:30 [FINISH]
c:0017 p:---- s:0107 e:000106 CFUNC  :require
c:0016 p:0110 s:0102 e:000101 METHOD /usr/local/lib/ruby/2.5.0/rubygems/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:59
c:0015 p:0020 s:0090 e:000089 TOP    /usr/local/bundle/gems/google-cloud-trace-0.31.0/lib/google/cloud/trace/v1/trace_service_client.rb:28 [FINISH]
c:0014 p:---- s:0087 e:000086 CFUNC  :require
c:0013 p:0110 s:0082 e:000081 METHOD /usr/local/lib/ruby/2.5.0/rubygems/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:59
c:0012 p:0006 s:0070 e:000069 TOP    /usr/local/bundle/gems/google-cloud-trace-0.31.0/lib/google/cloud/trace/v1.rb:16 [FINISH]
c:0011 p:---- s:0067 e:000066 CFUNC  :require
c:0010 p:0110 s:0062 e:000061 METHOD /usr/local/lib/ruby/2.5.0/rubygems/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:59
c:0009 p:0020 s:0050 e:000049 TOP    /usr/local/bundle/gems/google-cloud-trace-0.31.0/lib/google/cloud/trace/service.rb:18 [FINISH]
c:0008 p:---- s:0047 e:000046 CFUNC  :require
c:0007 p:0110 s:0042 e:000041 METHOD /usr/local/lib/ruby/2.5.0/rubygems/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:59
c:0006 p:0062 s:0030 e:000029 TOP    /usr/local/bundle/gems/google-cloud-trace-0.31.0/lib/google/cloud/trace.rb:24 [FINISH]
c:0005 p:---- s:0027 e:000026 CFUNC  :require
c:0004 p:0091 s:0022 e:000021 RESCUE /usr/local/lib/ruby/2.5.0/rubygems/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:135
c:0003 p:0376 s:0018 e:000017 METHOD /usr/local/lib/ruby/2.5.0/rubygems/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:39
c:0002 p:0006 s:0006 e:000005 EVAL   -e:1 [FINISH]
c:0001 p:0000 s:0003 E:000d00 (none) [FINISH]

-- Ruby level backtrace information ----------------------------------------
-e:1:in `<main>'
/usr/local/lib/ruby/2.5.0/rubygems/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:39:in `require'
/usr/local/lib/ruby/2.5.0/rubygems/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:135:in `rescue in require'
/usr/local/lib/ruby/2.5.0/rubygems/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:135:in `require'
/usr/local/bundle/gems/google-cloud-trace-0.31.0/lib/google/cloud/trace.rb:24:in `<top (required)>'
/usr/local/lib/ruby/2.5.0/rubygems/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:59:in `require'
/usr/local/lib/ruby/2.5.0/rubygems/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:59:in `require'
/usr/local/bundle/gems/google-cloud-trace-0.31.0/lib/google/cloud/trace/service.rb:18:in `<top (required)>'
/usr/local/lib/ruby/2.5.0/rubygems/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:59:in `require'
/usr/local/lib/ruby/2.5.0/rubygems/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:59:in `require'
/usr/local/bundle/gems/google-cloud-trace-0.31.0/lib/google/cloud/trace/v1.rb:16:in `<top (required)>'
/usr/local/lib/ruby/2.5.0/rubygems/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:59:in `require'
/usr/local/lib/ruby/2.5.0/rubygems/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:59:in `require'
/usr/local/bundle/gems/google-cloud-trace-0.31.0/lib/google/cloud/trace/v1/trace_service_client.rb:28:in `<top (required)>'
/usr/local/lib/ruby/2.5.0/rubygems/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:59:in `require'
/usr/local/lib/ruby/2.5.0/rubygems/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:59:in `require'
/usr/local/bundle/gems/google-gax-1.0.1/lib/google/gax.rb:30:in `<top (required)>'
/usr/local/lib/ruby/2.5.0/rubygems/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:59:in `require'
/usr/local/lib/ruby/2.5.0/rubygems/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:59:in `require'
/usr/local/bundle/gems/google-gax-1.0.1/lib/google/gax/api_callable.rb:32:in `<top (required)>'
/usr/local/lib/ruby/2.5.0/rubygems/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:59:in `require'
/usr/local/lib/ruby/2.5.0/rubygems/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:59:in `require'
/usr/local/bundle/gems/google-gax-1.0.1/lib/google/gax/errors.rb:32:in `<top (required)>'
/usr/local/lib/ruby/2.5.0/rubygems/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:59:in `require'
/usr/local/lib/ruby/2.5.0/rubygems/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:59:in `require'
/usr/local/bundle/gems/google-gax-1.0.1/lib/google/gax/grpc.rb:31:in `<top (required)>'
/usr/local/lib/ruby/2.5.0/rubygems/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:59:in `require'
/usr/local/lib/ruby/2.5.0/rubygems/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:59:in `require'
/usr/local/bundle/gems/grpc-1.10.0-x86_64-linux/src/ruby/lib/grpc/google_rpc_status_utils.rb:16:in `<top (required)>'
/usr/local/lib/ruby/2.5.0/rubygems/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:59:in `require'
/usr/local/lib/ruby/2.5.0/rubygems/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:59:in `require'
/usr/local/bundle/gems/googleapis-common-protos-types-1.0.1/lib/google/rpc/status_pb.rb:6:in `<top (required)>'
/usr/local/lib/ruby/2.5.0/rubygems/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:59:in `require'
/usr/local/lib/ruby/2.5.0/rubygems/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:59:in `require'
/usr/local/bundle/gems/google-protobuf-3.5.1.2-x86_64-linux/lib/google/protobuf/any_pb.rb:13:in `<top (required)>'
/usr/local/bundle/gems/google-protobuf-3.5.1.2-x86_64-linux/lib/google/protobuf/any_pb.rb:14:in `<module:Google>'
/usr/local/bundle/gems/google-protobuf-3.5.1.2-x86_64-linux/lib/google/protobuf/any_pb.rb:15:in `<module:Protobuf>'
/usr/local/bundle/gems/google-protobuf-3.5.1.2-x86_64-linux/lib/google/protobuf/any_pb.rb:15:in `msgclass'

-- Machine register context ------------------------------------------------
 RIP: 0x0000000000016e16 RBP: 0x00007ffda9865780 RSP: 0x00007ffda9865738
 RAX: 0x000000000000000a RBX: 0x000055d0f91e09c0 RCX: 0x0000000000000008
 RDX: 0x0000000000000001 RDI: 0x00007ffda9865740 RSI: 0x00007ffda986574e
  R8: 0x0000000000000003  R9: 0xffffffffffffffff R10: 0x0000000000000000
 R11: 0x000055d0f92be2c0 R12: 0x0000000000000000 R13: 0x0000000000000002
 R14: 0x00007ffda98657e8 R15: 0x000055d0f91e09c0 EFL: 0x0000000000010246

-- Other runtime information -----------------------------------------------

* Loaded script: -e

* Loaded features:

    0 enumerator.so
    1 thread.rb
    2 rational.so
    3 complex.so
    4 /usr/local/lib/ruby/2.5.0/x86_64-linux-musl/enc/encdb.so
    5 /usr/local/lib/ruby/2.5.0/x86_64-linux-musl/enc/trans/transdb.so
    6 /usr/local/lib/ruby/2.5.0/x86_64-linux-musl/rbconfig.rb
    7 /usr/local/lib/ruby/2.5.0/rubygems/compatibility.rb
    8 /usr/local/lib/ruby/2.5.0/rubygems/defaults.rb
    9 /usr/local/lib/ruby/2.5.0/rubygems/deprecate.rb
   10 /usr/local/lib/ruby/2.5.0/rubygems/errors.rb
   11 /usr/local/lib/ruby/2.5.0/rubygems/version.rb
   12 /usr/local/lib/ruby/2.5.0/rubygems/requirement.rb
   13 /usr/local/lib/ruby/2.5.0/rubygems/platform.rb
   14 /usr/local/lib/ruby/2.5.0/rubygems/basic_specification.rb
   15 /usr/local/lib/ruby/2.5.0/rubygems/stub_specification.rb
   16 /usr/local/lib/ruby/2.5.0/rubygems/util/list.rb
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   18 /usr/local/lib/ruby/2.5.0/uri/rfc2396_parser.rb
   19 /usr/local/lib/ruby/2.5.0/uri/rfc3986_parser.rb
   20 /usr/local/lib/ruby/2.5.0/uri/common.rb
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   23 /usr/local/lib/ruby/2.5.0/uri/http.rb
   24 /usr/local/lib/ruby/2.5.0/uri/https.rb
   25 /usr/local/lib/ruby/2.5.0/uri/ldap.rb
   26 /usr/local/lib/ruby/2.5.0/uri/ldaps.rb
   27 /usr/local/lib/ruby/2.5.0/uri/mailto.rb
   28 /usr/local/lib/ruby/2.5.0/uri.rb
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   36 /usr/local/lib/ruby/2.5.0/rubygems/path_support.rb
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   40 /usr/local/lib/ruby/gems/2.5.0/gems/did_you_mean-1.2.0/lib/did_you_mean/jaro_winkler.rb
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   43 /usr/local/lib/ruby/gems/2.5.0/gems/did_you_mean-1.2.0/lib/did_you_mean/spell_checkers/name_error_checkers/class_name_checker.rb
   44 /usr/local/lib/ruby/gems/2.5.0/gems/did_you_mean-1.2.0/lib/did_you_mean/spell_checkers/name_error_checkers/variable_name_checker.rb
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   50 /usr/local/lib/ruby/gems/2.5.0/gems/did_you_mean-1.2.0/lib/did_you_mean.rb
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   60 /usr/local/lib/ruby/2.5.0/forwardable/impl.rb
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   63 /usr/local/bundle/gems/faraday-0.12.2/lib/faraday/utils.rb
   64 /usr/local/bundle/gems/faraday-0.12.2/lib/faraday/options.rb
   65 /usr/local/bundle/gems/faraday-0.12.2/lib/faraday/connection.rb
   66 /usr/local/bundle/gems/faraday-0.12.2/lib/faraday/rack_builder.rb
   67 /usr/local/bundle/gems/faraday-0.12.2/lib/faraday/parameters.rb
   68 /usr/local/bundle/gems/faraday-0.12.2/lib/faraday/middleware.rb
   69 /usr/local/bundle/gems/faraday-0.12.2/lib/faraday/adapter.rb
   70 /usr/local/bundle/gems/faraday-0.12.2/lib/faraday/request.rb
   71 /usr/local/bundle/gems/faraday-0.12.2/lib/faraday/response.rb
   72 /usr/local/bundle/gems/multipart-post-2.0.0/lib/composite_io.rb
   73 /usr/local/bundle/gems/multipart-post-2.0.0/lib/parts.rb
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   75 /usr/local/bundle/gems/faraday-0.12.2/lib/faraday/error.rb
   76 /usr/local/bundle/gems/faraday-0.12.2/lib/faraday/autoload.rb
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   84 /usr/local/lib/ruby/2.5.0/json/ext.rb
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   88 /usr/local/lib/ruby/2.5.0/x86_64-linux-musl/io/wait.so
   89 /usr/local/lib/ruby/2.5.0/socket.rb
   90 /usr/local/lib/ruby/2.5.0/net/protocol.rb
   91 /usr/local/lib/ruby/2.5.0/x86_64-linux-musl/zlib.so
   92 /usr/local/lib/ruby/2.5.0/net/http/exceptions.rb
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   95 /usr/local/lib/ruby/2.5.0/net/http/generic_request.rb
   96 /usr/local/lib/ruby/2.5.0/net/http/request.rb
   97 /usr/local/lib/ruby/2.5.0/net/http/requests.rb
   98 /usr/local/lib/ruby/2.5.0/net/http/response.rb
   99 /usr/local/lib/ruby/2.5.0/net/http/responses.rb
  100 /usr/local/lib/ruby/2.5.0/net/http/proxy_delta.rb
  101 /usr/local/lib/ruby/2.5.0/net/http/backward.rb
  102 /usr/local/lib/ruby/2.5.0/net/http.rb
  103 /usr/local/lib/ruby/2.5.0/x86_64-linux-musl/digest.so
  104 /usr/local/lib/ruby/2.5.0/digest.rb
  105 /usr/local/lib/ruby/2.5.0/x86_64-linux-musl/openssl.so
  106 /usr/local/lib/ruby/2.5.0/openssl/bn.rb
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  108 /usr/local/lib/ruby/2.5.0/openssl/cipher.rb
  109 /usr/local/lib/ruby/2.5.0/openssl/config.rb
  110 /usr/local/lib/ruby/2.5.0/openssl/digest.rb
  111 /usr/local/lib/ruby/2.5.0/openssl/x509.rb
  112 /usr/local/lib/ruby/2.5.0/openssl/buffering.rb
  113 /usr/local/lib/ruby/2.5.0/x86_64-linux-musl/io/nonblock.so
  114 /usr/local/lib/ruby/2.5.0/openssl/ssl.rb
  115 /usr/local/lib/ruby/2.5.0/openssl/pkcs5.rb
  116 /usr/local/lib/ruby/2.5.0/openssl.rb
  117 /usr/local/lib/ruby/2.5.0/net/https.rb
  118 /usr/local/bundle/gems/faraday-0.12.2/lib/faraday/adapter/net_http.rb
  119 /usr/local/bundle/gems/google-cloud-env-1.0.1/lib/google/cloud/env.rb
  120 /usr/local/bundle/gems/google-cloud-env-1.0.1/lib/google/cloud/env/version.rb
  121 /usr/local/bundle/gems/google-cloud-env-1.0.1/lib/google-cloud-env.rb
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  128 /usr/local/bundle/gems/public_suffix-3.0.2/lib/public_suffix/errors.rb
  129 /usr/local/bundle/gems/public_suffix-3.0.2/lib/public_suffix/rule.rb
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  140 /usr/local/bundle/gems/multi_json-1.13.1/lib/multi_json/parse_error.rb
  141 /usr/local/bundle/gems/multi_json-1.13.1/lib/multi_json/options_cache.rb
  142 /usr/local/bundle/gems/multi_json-1.13.1/lib/multi_json.rb
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  146 /usr/local/bundle/gems/jwt-1.5.6/lib/jwt/verify.rb
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  148 /usr/local/bundle/gems/jwt-1.5.6/lib/jwt.rb
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  171 /usr/local/lib/ruby/2.5.0/psych/nodes.rb
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  180 /usr/local/lib/ruby/2.5.0/psych/visitors/json_tree.rb
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  184 /usr/local/lib/ruby/2.5.0/psych/coder.rb
  185 /usr/local/lib/ruby/2.5.0/psych/core_ext.rb
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  187 /usr/local/lib/ruby/2.5.0/psych/json/yaml_events.rb
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  191 /usr/local/lib/ruby/2.5.0/psych.rb
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  194 /usr/local/bundle/gems/googleauth-0.6.2/lib/googleauth/credentials_loader.rb
  195 /usr/local/bundle/gems/googleauth-0.6.2/lib/googleauth/service_account.rb
  196 /usr/local/bundle/gems/googleauth-0.6.2/lib/googleauth/scope_util.rb
  197 /usr/local/bundle/gems/googleauth-0.6.2/lib/googleauth/user_refresh.rb
  198 /usr/local/bundle/gems/googleauth-0.6.2/lib/googleauth/default_credentials.rb
  199 /usr/local/bundle/gems/googleauth-0.6.2/lib/googleauth/application_default.rb
  200 /usr/local/bundle/gems/googleauth-0.6.2/lib/googleauth/client_id.rb
  201 /usr/local/bundle/gems/googleauth-0.6.2/lib/googleauth/credentials.rb
  202 /usr/local/bundle/gems/googleauth-0.6.2/lib/googleauth/user_authorizer.rb
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  204 /usr/local/bundle/gems/googleauth-0.6.2/lib/googleauth/web_user_authorizer.rb
  205 /usr/local/bundle/gems/googleauth-0.6.2/lib/googleauth.rb
  206 /usr/local/bundle/gems/google-cloud-trace-0.31.0/lib/google-cloud-trace.rb
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  208 /usr/local/bundle/gems/google-cloud-trace-0.31.0/lib/google/cloud/trace/credentials.rb
  209 /usr/local/bundle/gems/google-cloud-trace-0.31.0/lib/google/cloud/trace/label_key.rb
  210 /usr/local/bundle/gems/stackdriver-core-1.3.0/lib/stackdriver/core/async_actor.rb
  211 /usr/local/bundle/gems/google-cloud-trace-0.31.0/lib/google/cloud/trace/async_reporter.rb
  212 /usr/local/bundle/gems/stackdriver-core-1.3.0/lib/stackdriver/core/trace_context.rb
  213 /usr/local/bundle/gems/google-cloud-trace-0.31.0/lib/google/cloud/trace/middleware.rb
  214 /usr/local/bundle/gems/google-cloud-trace-0.31.0/lib/google/cloud/trace/notifications.rb
  215 /usr/local/bundle/gems/google-cloud-trace-0.31.0/lib/google/cloud/trace/project.rb
  216 /usr/local/bundle/gems/google-cloud-trace-0.31.0/lib/google/cloud/trace/result_set.rb
  217 /usr/local/lib/ruby/2.5.0/English.rb
  218 /usr/local/bundle/gems/google-cloud-core-1.2.0/lib/google/cloud/errors.rb
  219 /usr/local/lib/ruby/2.5.0/x86_64-linux-musl/pathname.so
  220 /usr/local/lib/ruby/2.5.0/pathname.rb
  221 /usr/local/lib/ruby/2.5.0/x86_64-linux-musl/date_core.so
  222 /usr/local/lib/ruby/2.5.0/date.rb
  223 /usr/local/lib/ruby/2.5.0/time.rb
  224 /usr/local/bundle/gems/grpc-1.10.0-x86_64-linux/src/ruby/lib/grpc/2.5/grpc_c.so
  225 /usr/local/bundle/gems/grpc-1.10.0-x86_64-linux/src/ruby/lib/grpc/grpc.rb
  226 /usr/local/bundle/gems/grpc-1.10.0-x86_64-linux/src/ruby/lib/grpc/errors.rb
  227 /usr/local/bundle/gems/grpc-1.10.0-x86_64-linux/src/ruby/lib/grpc/logconfig.rb
  228 /usr/local/bundle/gems/grpc-1.10.0-x86_64-linux/src/ruby/lib/grpc/notifier.rb
  229 /usr/local/bundle/gems/grpc-1.10.0-x86_64-linux/src/ruby/lib/grpc/version.rb
  230 /usr/local/bundle/gems/grpc-1.10.0-x86_64-linux/src/ruby/lib/grpc/core/time_consts.rb
  231 /usr/local/lib/ruby/2.5.0/weakref.rb
  232 /usr/local/bundle/gems/grpc-1.10.0-x86_64-linux/src/ruby/lib/grpc/generic/bidi_call.rb
  233 /usr/local/bundle/gems/grpc-1.10.0-x86_64-linux/src/ruby/lib/grpc/generic/active_call.rb
  234 /usr/local/bundle/gems/grpc-1.10.0-x86_64-linux/src/ruby/lib/grpc/generic/client_stub.rb
  235 /usr/local/bundle/gems/grpc-1.10.0-x86_64-linux/src/ruby/lib/grpc/generic/rpc_desc.rb
  236 /usr/local/bundle/gems/grpc-1.10.0-x86_64-linux/src/ruby/lib/grpc/generic/service.rb
  237 /usr/local/bundle/gems/grpc-1.10.0-x86_64-linux/src/ruby/lib/grpc/generic/rpc_server.rb
  238 /usr/local/bundle/gems/grpc-1.10.0-x86_64-linux/src/ruby/lib/grpc/generic/interceptor_registry.rb
  239 /usr/local/bundle/gems/grpc-1.10.0-x86_64-linux/src/ruby/lib/grpc/generic/interceptors.rb
  240 /usr/local/bundle/gems/grpc-1.10.0-x86_64-linux/src/ruby/lib/grpc.rb
  241 /usr/local/bundle/gems/google-protobuf-3.5.1.2-x86_64-linux/lib/google/protobuf/message_exts.rb
  242 /usr/local/bundle/gems/google-protobuf-3.5.1.2-x86_64-linux/lib/google/2.5/protobuf_c.so
  243 /usr/local/bundle/gems/google-protobuf-3.5.1.2-x86_64-linux/lib/google/protobuf/repeated_field.rb
  244 /usr/local/bundle/gems/google-protobuf-3.5.1.2-x86_64-linux/lib/google/protobuf.rb

* Process memory map:

55d0f7453000-55d0f7454000 r-xp 00000000 08:06 154456                     /usr/local/bin/ruby
55d0f7653000-55d0f7654000 r--p 00000000 08:06 154456                     /usr/local/bin/ruby
55d0f7654000-55d0f7655000 rw-p 00001000 08:06 154456                     /usr/local/bin/ruby
55d0f89e8000-55d0f9987000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0                          [heap]
7f6c3bcb9000-7f6c3bd1a000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0
7f6c3bd1a000-7f6c3bf70000 r-xp 00000000 08:06 5929343                    /usr/local/bundle/gems/google-protobuf-3.5.1.2-x86_64-linux/lib/google/2.5/protobuf_c.so
7f6c3bf70000-7f6c3bf78000 r--p 00056000 08:06 5929343                    /usr/local/bundle/gems/google-protobuf-3.5.1.2-x86_64-linux/lib/google/2.5/protobuf_c.so
7f6c3bf78000-7f6c3bf7a000 rw-p 0005e000 08:06 5929343                    /usr/local/bundle/gems/google-protobuf-3.5.1.2-x86_64-linux/lib/google/2.5/protobuf_c.so
7f6c3bf7a000-7f6c3c169000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0
7f6c3c169000-7f6c3c5af000 r-xp 00000000 08:06 10524010                   /usr/local/bundle/gems/grpc-1.10.0-x86_64-linux/src/ruby/lib/grpc/2.5/grpc_c.so
7f6c3c5af000-7f6c3c5c4000 r--p 00246000 08:06 10524010                   /usr/local/bundle/gems/grpc-1.10.0-x86_64-linux/src/ruby/lib/grpc/2.5/grpc_c.so
7f6c3c5c4000-7f6c3c5cb000 rw-p 0025b000 08:06 10524010                   /usr/local/bundle/gems/grpc-1.10.0-x86_64-linux/src/ruby/lib/grpc/2.5/grpc_c.so
7f6c3c5cb000-7f6c3c5d0000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0
7f6c3c5d0000-7f6c3c803000 r-xp 00000000 08:06 155330                     /usr/local/lib/ruby/2.5.0/x86_64-linux-musl/date_core.so
7f6c3c803000-7f6c3c804000 r--p 00033000 08:06 155330                     /usr/local/lib/ruby/2.5.0/x86_64-linux-musl/date_core.so
7f6c3c804000-7f6c3c805000 rw-p 00034000 08:06 155330                     /usr/local/lib/ruby/2.5.0/x86_64-linux-musl/date_core.so
7f6c3c805000-7f6c3c806000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0
7f6c3c806000-7f6c3ca0d000 r-xp 00000000 08:06 155416                     /usr/local/lib/ruby/2.5.0/x86_64-linux-musl/pathname.so
7f6c3ca0d000-7f6c3ca0e000 r--p 00007000 08:06 155416                     /usr/local/lib/ruby/2.5.0/x86_64-linux-musl/pathname.so
7f6c3ca0e000-7f6c3ca0f000 rw-p 00008000 08:06 155416                     /usr/local/lib/ruby/2.5.0/x86_64-linux-musl/pathname.so
7f6c3ca0f000-7f6c3cc15000 r-xp 00000000 08:06 155429                     /usr/local/lib/ruby/2.5.0/x86_64-linux-musl/strscan.so
7f6c3cc15000-7f6c3cc16000 r--p 00006000 08:06 155429                     /usr/local/lib/ruby/2.5.0/x86_64-linux-musl/strscan.so
7f6c3cc16000-7f6c3cc17000 rw-p 00007000 08:06 155429                     /usr/local/lib/ruby/2.5.0/x86_64-linux-musl/strscan.so
7f6c3cc17000-7f6c3ce30000 r-xp 00000000 08:06 154434                     /usr/lib/libyaml-0.so.2.0.5
7f6c3ce30000-7f6c3ce31000 r--p 00019000 08:06 154434                     /usr/lib/libyaml-0.so.2.0.5
7f6c3ce31000-7f6c3ce32000 rw-p 0001a000 08:06 154434                     /usr/lib/libyaml-0.so.2.0.5
7f6c3ce32000-7f6c3d037000 r-xp 00000000 08:06 155417                     /usr/local/lib/ruby/2.5.0/x86_64-linux-musl/psych.so
7f6c3d037000-7f6c3d038000 r--p 00005000 08:06 155417                     /usr/local/lib/ruby/2.5.0/x86_64-linux-musl/psych.so
7f6c3d038000-7f6c3d039000 rw-p 00006000 08:06 155417                     /usr/local/lib/ruby/2.5.0/x86_64-linux-musl/psych.so
7f6c3d039000-7f6c3d239000 r-xp 00000000 08:06 155407                     /usr/local/lib/ruby/2.5.0/x86_64-linux-musl/io/nonblock.so
7f6c3d239000-7f6c3d23a000 r--p 00000000 08:06 155407                     /usr/local/lib/ruby/2.5.0/x86_64-linux-musl/io/nonblock.so
7f6c3d23a000-7f6c3d23b000 rw-p 00001000 08:06 155407                     /usr/local/lib/ruby/2.5.0/x86_64-linux-musl/io/nonblock.so
7f6c3d23b000-7f6c3d43e000 r-xp 00000000 08:06 155338                     /usr/local/lib/ruby/2.5.0/x86_64-linux-musl/digest.so
7f6c3d43e000-7f6c3d43f000 r--p 00003000 08:06 155338                     /usr/local/lib/ruby/2.5.0/x86_64-linux-musl/digest.so
7f6c3d43f000-7f6c3d440000 rw-p 00004000 08:06 155338                     /usr/local/lib/ruby/2.5.0/x86_64-linux-musl/digest.so
7f6c3d440000-7f6c3d7bf000 r-xp 00000000 08:06 9849394                    /lib/libcrypto.so.42.0.0
7f6c3d7bf000-7f6c3d7dc000 r--p 0017f000 08:06 9849394                    /lib/libcrypto.so.42.0.0
7f6c3d7dc000-7f6c3d7e2000 rw-p 0019c000 08:06 9849394                    /lib/libcrypto.so.42.0.0
7f6c3d7e2000-7f6c3d7e6000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0
7f6c3d7e6000-7f6c3da2a000 r-xp 00000000 08:06 9849396                    /lib/libssl.so.44.0.1
7f6c3da2a000-7f6c3da2e000 r--p 00044000 08:06 9849396                    /lib/libssl.so.44.0.1
7f6c3da2e000-7f6c3da32000 rw-p 00048000 08:06 9849396                    /lib/libssl.so.44.0.1
7f6c3da32000-7f6c3dc86000 r-xp 00000000 08:06 155415                     /usr/local/lib/ruby/2.5.0/x86_64-linux-musl/openssl.so
7f6c3dc86000-7f6c3dc8a000 r--p 00054000 08:06 155415                     /usr/local/lib/ruby/2.5.0/x86_64-linux-musl/openssl.so
7f6c3dc8a000-7f6c3dc8b000 rw-p 00058000 08:06 155415                     /usr/local/lib/ruby/2.5.0/x86_64-linux-musl/openssl.so
7f6c3dc8b000-7f6c3de8d000 r-xp 00000000 08:06 155399                     /usr/local/lib/ruby/2.5.0/x86_64-linux-musl/enc/windows_31j.so
7f6c3de8d000-7f6c3de8e000 r--p 00002000 08:06 155399                     /usr/local/lib/ruby/2.5.0/x86_64-linux-musl/enc/windows_31j.so
7f6c3de8e000-7f6c3de8f000 rw-p 00003000 08:06 155399                     /usr/local/lib/ruby/2.5.0/x86_64-linux-musl/enc/windows_31j.so
7f6c3de8f000-7f6c3e0a4000 r-xp 00000000 08:06 9849398                    /lib/libz.so.1.2.11
7f6c3e0a4000-7f6c3e0a5000 r--p 00015000 08:06 9849398                    /lib/libz.so.1.2.11
7f6c3e0a5000-7f6c3e0a6000 rw-p 00016000 08:06 9849398                    /lib/libz.so.1.2.11
7f6c3e0a6000-7f6c3e2b7000 r-xp 00000000 08:06 155431                     /usr/local/lib/ruby/2.5.0/x86_64-linux-musl/zlib.so
7f6c3e2b7000-7f6c3e2b8000 r--p 00011000 08:06 155431                     /usr/local/lib/ruby/2.5.0/x86_64-linux-musl/zlib.so
7f6c3e2b8000-7f6c3e2b9000 rw-p 00012000 08:06 155431                     /usr/local/lib/ruby/2.5.0/x86_64-linux-musl/zlib.so
7f6c3e2b9000-7f6c3e4ba000 r-xp 00000000 08:06 155408                     /usr/local/lib/ruby/2.5.0/x86_64-linux-musl/io/wait.so
7f6c3e4ba000-7f6c3e4bb000 r--p 00001000 08:06 155408                     /usr/local/lib/ruby/2.5.0/x86_64-linux-musl/io/wait.so
7f6c3e4bb000-7f6c3e4bc000 rw-p 00002000 08:06 155408                     /usr/local/lib/ruby/2.5.0/x86_64-linux-musl/io/wait.so
7f6c3e4bc000-7f6c3e6e8000 r-xp 00000000 08:06 155427                     /usr/local/lib/ruby/2.5.0/x86_64-linux-musl/socket.so
7f6c3e6e8000-7f6c3e6e9000 r--p 0002c000 08:06 155427                     /usr/local/lib/ruby/2.5.0/x86_64-linux-musl/socket.so
7f6c3e6e9000-7f6c3e6ea000 rw-p 0002d000 08:06 155427                     /usr/local/lib/ruby/2.5.0/x86_64-linux-musl/socket.so
7f6c3e6ea000-7f6c3e8f3000 r-xp 00000000 08:06 155411                     /usr/local/lib/ruby/2.5.0/x86_64-linux-musl/json/ext/generator.so
7f6c3e8f3000-7f6c3e8f4000 r--p 00009000 08:06 155411                     /usr/local/lib/ruby/2.5.0/x86_64-linux-musl/json/ext/generator.so
7f6c3e8f4000-7f6c3e8f5000 rw-p 0000a000 08:06 155411                     /usr/local/lib/ruby/2.5.0/x86_64-linux-musl/json/ext/generator.so
7f6c3e8f5000-7f6c3eafa000 r-xp 00000000 08:06 155412                     /usr/local/lib/ruby/2.5.0/x86_64-linux-musl/json/ext/parser.so
7f6c3eafa000-7f6c3eafb000 r--p 00005000 08:06 155412                     /usr/local/lib/ruby/2.5.0/x86_64-linux-musl/json/ext/parser.so
7f6c3eafb000-7f6c3eafc000 rw-p 00006000 08:06 155412                     /usr/local/lib/ruby/2.5.0/x86_64-linux-musl/json/ext/parser.so
7f6c3eafc000-7f6c3ecfe000 r-xp 00000000 08:06 155327                     /usr/local/lib/ruby/2.5.0/x86_64-linux-musl/cgi/escape.so
7f6c3ecfe000-7f6c3ecff000 r--p 00002000 08:06 155327                     /usr/local/lib/ruby/2.5.0/x86_64-linux-musl/cgi/escape.so
7f6c3ecff000-7f6c3ed00000 rw-p 00003000 08:06 155327                     /usr/local/lib/ruby/2.5.0/x86_64-linux-musl/cgi/escape.so
7f6c3ed00000-7f6c3ef08000 r-xp 00000000 08:06 155428                     /usr/local/lib/ruby/2.5.0/x86_64-linux-musl/stringio.so
7f6c3ef08000-7f6c3ef09000 r--p 00008000 08:06 155428                     /usr/local/lib/ruby/2.5.0/x86_64-linux-musl/stringio.so
7f6c3ef09000-7f6c3ef0a000 rw-p 00009000 08:06 155428                     /usr/local/lib/ruby/2.5.0/x86_64-linux-musl/stringio.so
7f6c3ef0a000-7f6c3f10c000 r-xp 00000000 08:06 155386                     /usr/local/lib/ruby/2.5.0/x86_64-linux-musl/enc/trans/transdb.so
7f6c3f10c000-7f6c3f10d000 r--p 00002000 08:06 155386                     /usr/local/lib/ruby/2.5.0/x86_64-linux-musl/enc/trans/transdb.so
7f6c3f10d000-7f6c3f10e000 rw-p 00003000 08:06 155386                     /usr/local/lib/ruby/2.5.0/x86_64-linux-musl/enc/trans/transdb.so
7f6c3f10e000-7f6c3f30f000 r-xp 00000000 08:06 155343                     /usr/local/lib/ruby/2.5.0/x86_64-linux-musl/enc/encdb.so
7f6c3f30f000-7f6c3f310000 r--p 00001000 08:06 155343                     /usr/local/lib/ruby/2.5.0/x86_64-linux-musl/enc/encdb.so
7f6c3f310000-7f6c3f311000 rw-p 00002000 08:06 155343                     /usr/local/lib/ruby/2.5.0/x86_64-linux-musl/enc/encdb.so
7f6c3f311000-7f6c3f824000 r-xp 00000000 08:06 154493                     /usr/local/lib/libruby.so.2.5.1
7f6c3f824000-7f6c3f82c000 r--p 00313000 08:06 154493                     /usr/local/lib/libruby.so.2.5.1
7f6c3f82c000-7f6c3f82d000 rw-p 0031b000 08:06 154493                     /usr/local/lib/libruby.so.2.5.1
7f6c3f82d000-7f6c3f83b000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0
7f6c3f83b000-7f6c3f8c4000 r-xp 00000000 08:06 154211                     /lib/ld-musl-x86_64.so.1
7f6c3f8d2000-7f6c3f916000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0
7f6c3f916000-7f6c3f9ba000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0
7f6c3f9ba000-7f6c3f9bb000 r--s 00000000 08:06 9723329                    /etc/localtime
7f6c3f9bb000-7f6c3f9bd000 ---p 00000000 00:00 0
7f6c3f9bd000-7f6c3fac3000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0
7f6c3fac3000-7f6c3fac4000 r--p 00088000 08:06 154211                     /lib/ld-musl-x86_64.so.1
7f6c3fac4000-7f6c3fac5000 rw-p 00089000 08:06 154211                     /lib/ld-musl-x86_64.so.1
7f6c3fac5000-7f6c3fac8000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0
7ffda984e000-7ffda986f000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0                          [stack]
7ffda99f5000-7ffda99f8000 r--p 00000000 00:00 0                          [vvar]
7ffda99f8000-7ffda99fa000 r-xp 00000000 00:00 0                          [vdso]
ffffffffff600000-ffffffffff601000 r-xp 00000000 00:00 0                  [vsyscall]


[NOTE]
You may have encountered a bug in the Ruby interpreter or extension libraries.
Bug reports are welcome.
For details: http://www.ruby-lang.org/bugreport.html

Aborted (core dumped)

We are using protobuf through gRPC and would like to include in the message definition a value which is provided in the .proto file and not by the program. For example, something like that:

message SessionRequest {
    string version = 1 [constant="0.1.0"];
}

The purpose of such version is to make debugging easier: if communication fails, we can log the versions and use that to debug further.

How can I define an object from 3rd party library in .proto file ?

ex - I have a use case where the input object Patient of method storePatient is coming from a library and I need not to define it in .proto file.

syntax = 'proto3';

package com.example;

service StorageController {
  rpc storePatient(Patient) returns (ResponseStatus) { };
}

message ResponseStatus {
  int64 code = 1;
  string message = 2;
}

here, the Patient object should be coming from hl7 3rd party library as below

import org.hl7.fhir.r4.model.Patient;

Patient is a very complex object and I can't define all its fields like below in .proto file. so this is not the answer I am looking for.

message Patient {
  string patientName = 2;
  int64 patientAge = 3;
  // Many Many fields and also has nested properties
}

How can I use Patient object from 3rd party library in .proto file?

I have a .proto file for my messages in which I have a variable of type google.protobuf.BoolValue.

When I compiled it using protoc, I got an autogenerated file(.cs), in which the field is mapped to a variable of type FieldCodec<bool?>.

When my colleague did the same, he got an autogenerated file(.cs), in which the field is mapped to a variable of type Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.BoolValue.

I see that these two are different types, say one is BoolValue and other is bool?.

Can anyone please explain me why this difference.

Fixes the following error in zlib when building with emscripten:

external/zlib/adler32.c:63:15: error: a function definition without a prototype is deprecated in all versions of C and is not supported in C2x [-Werror,-Wdeprecated-non-prototype]
uLong ZEXPORT adler32_z(adler, buf, len)
              ^

You can find the working branch that builds protoc with emscripten here: https://github.com/archpaleus/protobuf/tree/emscripten

What version of protobuf and what language are you using? Version: v21.12 Language: Python

What did you do? Steps to reproduce the behavior:

1. Try to build a thing that depends on @com_google_proto//:well_known_types after updating to v21.12
2. Get WARNING message depends on deprecated target '@com_google_protobuf//:well_known_protos': Prefer :well_known_type_protos instead.
3. Look in BUILD.bazel to see that this "Prefer" is an incomplete message, and the full message in the comment says

   # DEPRECATED: Prefer :well_known_type_protos for the Well-Known Types
   # (https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/docs/reference/google.protobuf)
   # or :descriptor_proto(_srcs) for descriptor.proto (source), or
   # :compiler_plugin_proto for compiler/plugin.proto.
   

4. Try using variations of those to no avail.
5. Look in BUILD.bazel again, and see that there is no :descriptor_proto_srcs target (I see it in the main branch, but not in 21.12)

What did you expect to see Some option that will work in the context where deps=["@com_google_protobuf//:well_known_types"] previously worked, without a deprecation warning. With :descriptor_proto_srcs the problem is the missing target. With the other three options as deps, there is a lengthy error message that I am not confident doesn't include NDA information so cannot include here. It seems reasonably clear that the issue is not including srcs, since that's the only difference between deps=[":well_known_types"] and deps=[the three that exist].

What did you see instead? No combination of the suggested alternatives will build that target.

My current workaround is to simply patch out the deprecation tag and continue to use :well_known_types for now.