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acmetool is an easy-to-use command line tool for automatically acquiring certificates from ACME servers (such as Let's Encrypt). Designed to flexibly integrate into your webserver setup to enable automatic verification. Unlike the official Let's Encrypt client, this doesn't modify your web server configuration.
You can perform verifications using port 80 or 443 (if you don't yet have a server running on one of them); via webroot; by configuring your webserver to proxy requests for /.well-known/acme-challenge/ to a special port (402) which acmetool can listen on; or by configuring your webserver not to listen on port 80, and instead running acmetool's built in HTTPS redirector (and challenge responder) on port 80. This is useful if all you want to do with port 80 is redirect people to port 443.
You can run acmetool on a cron job to renew certificates automatically (acmetool --batch). The preferred certificate for a given hostname is always at /var/lib/acme/live/HOSTNAME/{cert,chain,fullchain,privkey}. You can configure acmetool to reload your webserver automatically when it renews a certificate.
acmetool is intended to be "magic-free". All of acmetool's state is stored in a simple, comprehensible directory of flat files. The schema for this directory is documented.
acmetool is intended to work like "make". The state directory expresses target domain names, and whenever acmetool is invoked, it ensures that valid certificates are available to meet those names. Certificates which will expire soon are renewed. acmetool is thus idempotent and minimises the use of state.
acmetool can optionally be used without running it as root. If you have existing certificates issued using the official client, acmetool can import those certificates, keys and account keys (acmetool import-le).
acmetool supports both RSA and ECDSA keys and certificates. acmetool's notification hooks system allows you to write arbitrary shell scripts to be executed when new certificates are obtained. By default, this is used to reload webservers automatically, but it can also be used to distribute certificates to other servers or for other purposes.
Getting Started
Binary releases: Binary releases are available.
Download the release appropriate for your platform and simply copy the acmetool binary to /usr/bin.
_cgo releases are preferred over non-_cgo releases where available, but non-_cgo releases may be more compatible with older OSes.
Ubuntu users: A binary release PPA, ppa:hlandau/rhea (package acmetool) is available.
$ sudo add-apt-repository ppa:hlandau/rhea
$ sudo apt-get update
$ sudo apt-get install acmetool
You can also download .deb files manually.
(Note: There is no difference between the .deb files for different Ubuntu release codenames; they are interchangeable and completely equivalent.)
Debian users: The Ubuntu binary release PPA also works with Debian:
# echo 'deb http://ppa.launchpad.net/hlandau/rhea/ubuntu xenial main' > /etc/apt/sources.list.d/rhea.list
# apt-key adv --keyserver keyserver.ubuntu.com --recv-keys 9862409EF124EC763B84972FF5AC9651EDB58DFA
# apt-get update
# apt-get install acmetool
You can also download .deb files manually.
(Note: There is no difference between the .deb files for different Ubuntu release codenames; they are interchangeable and completely equivalent.)
RPM-based distros: A copr RPM repository is available.
If you have dnf installed:
$ sudo dnf copr enable hlandau/acmetool
$ sudo dnf install acmetool
Otherwise use the .repo files on the repository page and use yum, or download RPMs and use rpm directly.
Void Linux users: acmetool is in the repositories:
$ sudo xbps-install acmetool
Arch Linux users: An AUR PKGBUILD for building from source is available.
$ wget https://aur.archlinux.org/cgit/aur.git/snapshot/acmetool-git.tar.gz
$ tar xvf acmetool-git.tar.gz
$ cd acmetool-git
$ makepkg -s
$ sudo pacman -U ./acmetool*.pkg.tar.xz
Alpine Linux users: An APKBUILD for building from source is available.
FreeBSD users: FreeBSD port is available.
Building from source: You will need Go installed to build from source.
If you are on Linux, you will need to make sure the development files for libcap are installed. This is probably a package for your distro called libcap-dev or libcap-devel or similar.
# This is necessary to work around a change in Git's default configuration
# which hasn't yet been accounted for in some places.
$ git config --global http.followRedirects true
$ git clone https://github.com/hlandau/acme
$ cd acme
$ make && sudo make install
# (People familiar with Go with a GOPATH setup can alternatively use go get/go install:)
$ git config --global http.followRedirects true
$ go get github.com/hlandau/acme/cmd/acmetool
After installation
# Run the quickstart wizard. Sets up account, cronjob, etc.
# (If you want to use ECDSA keys or set RSA key size, pass "--expert".)
$ sudo acmetool quickstart
# Configure your webserver to serve challenges if necessary.
# See https://hlandau.github.io/acmetool/userguide#web-server-configuration
$ ...
# Request the hostnames you want:
$ sudo acmetool want example.com www.example.com
# Now you have certificates:
$ ls -l /var/lib/acme/live/example.com/
The quickstart subcommand is a recommended wizard which guides you through the setup of ACME on your system.
The want subcommand states that you want a certificate for the given hostnames. (If you want separate certificates for each of the hostnames, run the want subcommand separately for each hostname.)
The default subcommand, reconcile, is like "make" and makes sure all desired hostnames are satisfied by valid certificates which aren't soon to expire. want calls reconcile automatically.
If you run acmetool reconcile on a cronjob to facilitate automatic renewal, pass --batch to ensure it doesn't attempt to interact with a terminal.
You can increase logging severity for debugging purposes by passing --xlog.severity=debug.
Validation Options
![[screenshot]](https://i.imgur.com/h1rtdek.png)
Webroot: acmetool can place challenge files in a given directory, allowing your normal web server to serve them. The files must be served from the path you specify at /.well-known/acme-challenge/.
Information on configuring your web server.
Proxy: acmetool can respond to validation challenges by serving them on port 402. In order for this to be useful, you must configure your webserver to proxy requests under /.well-known/acme-challenge/ to http://127.0.0.1:402/.well-known/acme-challenge.
Information on configuring your web server.
Stateless: You configure your webserver to respond statelessly to challenges for a given account key without consulting acmetool. This requires nothing more than a one-time web server configuration change and no "moving parts". Information on configuring stateless challenges.
Redirector: acmetool redirector starts an HTTP server on port 80 which redirects all requests to HTTPS, as well as serving any necessary validation responses. The acmetool quickstart wizard can set it up for you if you use systemd. Otherwise, you'll need to configure your system to run acmetool redirector --service.uid=USERNAME --service.daemon=1 as a service, where USERNAME is the username you want the daemon to drop to.
Make sure your web server is not listening on port 80.
Listen: If you are for some reason not running anything on port 80 or 443, acmetool will use those ports. Either port being available is sufficient. This is only really useful for development purposes.
Hook: You can write custom shell scripts (or binary executables) which acmetool invokes to provision challenge files at the desired location. For example, you could rsync challenge files to a directory on a remote server. More information.
Renewal
acmetool will try to renew certificates automatically once they are 30 days from expiry, or 66% through their validity period, whichever is lower. Note that Let's Encrypt currently issues 90 day certificates.
acmetool will exit with an error message with nonzero exit status if it cannot renew a certificate, so it is suitable for use in a cronjob. Ensure your system is configured so that you get notifications of failing cronjobs.
If a cronjob fails, you should intervene manually to see what went wrong by running acmetool (possibly with --xlog.severity=debug for verbose logging).
Library
The client library which these utilities use can be used independently by any Go code. README and source code. Godoc.
Comparison with...
certbot: A heavyweight Python implementation which is a bit too “magic” for my tastes. Tries to mutate your webserver configuration automatically.
acmetool is a single-file binary which only depends on basic system libraries (on Linux, these are libc, libpthread, libcap, libattr). It doesn't do anything to your webserver; it just places certificates at a standard location and can also reload your webserver (whichever webserver it is) by executing hook shell scripts.
acmetool isn't based around individual transactions for obtaining certificates; it's about satisfying expressed requirements by any means necessary. Its comprehensible, magic-free state directory makes it as stateless and idempotent as possible.
lego: Like acmetool, xenolf/lego provides a library and client utility. The utility provides commands for creating certificates, but doesn't provide a compelling system for managing the lifetime of the short-lived certificates offered by Let's Encrypt. The user is expected to generate and install all certificates manually.
gethttpsforfree: diafygi/gethttpsforfree provides an HTML file which uses JavaScript to make requests to an ACME server and obtain certificates. It's a functional user interface, but like lego it provides no answer for the automation issue, and is thus impractical given the short lifetime of certificates issued by Let's Encrypt.
Comparison, list of client implementations
| acmetool | certbot | lego | gethttpsforfree | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Automatic renewal | Yes | Not yet | No | No |
| SAN support | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| ECC support | Yes | No | No | No |
| OCSP Must Staple support | Yes | No | No | No |
| Revocation support | Yes | Yes | Yes | No |
| State management | Yes† | Yes | — | — |
| Single-file binary | Yes | No | Yes | Yes |
| Quickstart wizard | Yes | Yes | No | No |
| Modifies webserver config | No | By default | No | No |
| Non-root support | Optional | Optional | Optional | — |
| Supports Apache | Yes | Yes | — | — |
| Supports nginx | Yes | Experimental | — | — |
| Supports HAProxy | Yes | No | — | — |
| Supports Hitch | Yes | No | — | — |
| Supports any web server | Yes | Webroot‡ | — | — |
| Authorization via webroot | Yes | Yes | — | Manual |
| Authorization via port 80 redirector | Yes | No | No | No |
| Authorization via proxy | Yes | No | No | No |
| Authorization via listener§ | Yes | Yes | Yes | No |
| Authorization via DNS | Hook only | No | Yes | No |
| Authorization via custom hook | Yes | No | No | No |
| Import state from official client | Yes | — | — | — |
| Windows (basic) support | No | No | Yes | — |
| Windows integration support | No | No | No | — |
† acmetool has a different philosophy to state management and configuration to the Let's Encrypt client; see the beginning of this README.
‡ The webroot method does not appear to provide any means of reloading the webserver once the certificate has been changed, which means auto-renewal requires manual intervention.
§ Requires downtime.
This table is maintained in good faith; I believe the above comparison to be accurate. If notified of any inaccuracies, I will rectify the table and publish a notice of correction here:
- This table previously stated that the official Let's Encrypt client doesn't support non-root operation. This was incorrect; it can be installed at user level and be configured to use user-writable directories.
Documentation & Support
For more documentation see:
If your question or issue isn't resolved by any of the above, file an issue.
IRC: #acmetool on Freenode (webchat).
Licence
© 2015—2019 Hugo Landau <[email protected]> MIT License
