Blackfriday

Blackfriday is a Markdown processor implemented in Go. It is paranoid about its input (so you can safely feed it user-supplied data), it is fast, it supports common extensions (tables, smart punctuation substitutions, etc.), and it is safe for all utf-8 (unicode) input.

HTML output is currently supported, along with Smartypants extensions.

It started as a translation from C of Sundown.

Installation

Blackfriday is compatible with any modern Go release. With Go 1.7 and git installed:

go get gopkg.in/russross/blackfriday.v2

will download, compile, and install the package into your $GOPATH directory hierarchy. Alternatively, you can achieve the same if you import it into a project:

import "gopkg.in/russross/blackfriday.v2"

and go get without parameters.

Versions

Currently maintained and recommended version of Blackfriday is v2. It's being developed on its own branch: https://github.com/russross/blackfriday/v2. You should install and import it via gopkg.in at gopkg.in/russross/blackfriday.v2.

Version 2 offers a number of improvements over v1:

• Cleaned up API
• A separate call to Parse, which produces an abstract syntax tree for the document
• Latest bug fixes
• Flexibility to easily add your own rendering extensions

Potential drawbacks:

• Our benchmarks show v2 to be slightly slower than v1. Currently in the ballpark of around 15%.
• API breakage. If you can't afford modifying your code to adhere to the new API and don't care too much about the new features, v2 is probably not for you.
• Several bug fixes are trailing behind and still need to be forward-ported to v2. See issue #348 for tracking.

Usage

For the most sensible markdown processing, it is as simple as getting your input into a byte slice and calling:

output := blackfriday.Run(input)

Your input will be parsed and the output rendered with a set of most popular extensions enabled. If you want the most basic feature set, corresponding with the bare Markdown specification, use:

output := blackfriday.Run(input, blackfriday.WithNoExtensions())

Sanitize untrusted content

Blackfriday itself does nothing to protect against malicious content. If you are dealing with user-supplied markdown, we recommend running Blackfriday's output through HTML sanitizer such as Bluemonday.

Here's an example of simple usage of Blackfriday together with Bluemonday:

import (
    "github.com/microcosm-cc/bluemonday"
    "github.com/russross/blackfriday"
)

// ...
unsafe := blackfriday.Run(input)
html := bluemonday.UGCPolicy().SanitizeBytes(unsafe)

Custom options

If you want to customize the set of options, use blackfriday.WithExtensions, blackfriday.WithRenderer and blackfriday.WithRefOverride.

You can also check out blackfriday-tool for a more complete example of how to use it. Download and install it using:

go get github.com/russross/blackfriday-tool

This is a simple command-line tool that allows you to process a markdown file using a standalone program. You can also browse the source directly on github if you are just looking for some example code:

• http://github.com/russross/blackfriday-tool

Note that if you have not already done so, installing blackfriday-tool will be sufficient to download and install blackfriday in addition to the tool itself. The tool binary will be installed in $GOPATH/bin. This is a statically-linked binary that can be copied to wherever you need it without worrying about dependencies and library versions.

Features

All features of Sundown are supported, including:

• Compatibility. The Markdown v1.0.3 test suite passes with the --tidy option. Without --tidy, the differences are mostly in whitespace and entity escaping, where blackfriday is more consistent and cleaner.

• Common extensions, including table support, fenced code blocks, autolinks, strikethroughs, non-strict emphasis, etc.

• Safety. Blackfriday is paranoid when parsing, making it safe to feed untrusted user input without fear of bad things happening. The test suite stress tests this and there are no known inputs that make it crash. If you find one, please let me know and send me the input that does it.

  NOTE: "safety" in this context means runtime safety only. In order to protect yourself against JavaScript injection in untrusted content, see this example.

• Fast processing. It is fast enough to render on-demand in most web applications without having to cache the output.

• Thread safety. You can run multiple parsers in different goroutines without ill effect. There is no dependence on global shared state.

• Minimal dependencies. Blackfriday only depends on standard library packages in Go. The source code is pretty self-contained, so it is easy to add to any project, including Google App Engine projects.

• Standards compliant. Output successfully validates using the W3C validation tool for HTML 4.01 and XHTML 1.0 Transitional.

Extensions

In addition to the standard markdown syntax, this package implements the following extensions:

• Intra-word emphasis supression. The _ character is commonly used inside words when discussing code, so having markdown interpret it as an emphasis command is usually the wrong thing. Blackfriday lets you treat all emphasis markers as normal characters when they occur inside a word.

• Tables. Tables can be created by drawing them in the input using a simple syntax:

  Name    | Age
  --------|------
  Bob     | 27
  Alice   | 23
  

• Fenced code blocks. In addition to the normal 4-space indentation to mark code blocks, you can explicitly mark them and supply a language (to make syntax highlighting simple). Just mark it like this:

  ​```go
  func getTrue() bool {
      return true
  }
  ​```
  

  You can use 3 or more backticks to mark the beginning of the block, and the same number to mark the end of the block.

• Definition lists. A simple definition list is made of a single-line term followed by a colon and the definition for that term.

  Cat
  : Fluffy animal everyone likes
  
  Internet
  : Vector of transmission for pictures of cats
  

  Terms must be separated from the previous definition by a blank line.

• Footnotes. A marker in the text that will become a superscript number; a footnote definition that will be placed in a list of footnotes at the end of the document. A footnote looks like this:

  This is a footnote.[^1]
  
  [^1]: the footnote text.
  

• Autolinking. Blackfriday can find URLs that have not been explicitly marked as links and turn them into links.

• Strikethrough. Use two tildes (~~) to mark text that should be crossed out.

• Hard line breaks. With this extension enabled newlines in the input translate into line breaks in the output. This extension is off by default.

• Smart quotes. Smartypants-style punctuation substitution is supported, turning normal double- and single-quote marks into curly quotes, etc.

• LaTeX-style dash parsing is an additional option, where -- is translated into –, and --- is translated into —. This differs from most smartypants processors, which turn a single hyphen into an ndash and a double hyphen into an mdash.

• Smart fractions, where anything that looks like a fraction is translated into suitable HTML (instead of just a few special cases like most smartypant processors). For example, 4/5 becomes <sup>4</sup>&frasl;<sub>5</sub>, which renders as ⁴⁄₅.

• MathJaX Support is an additional feature which is supported by many markdown editor. It translate inline math equation quoted by $ and display math block quoted by $$ into MathJax compatible format. hyphen _ won't break LaTeX render within a math element any more.

  $$
  \left[ \begin{array}{a} a^l_1 \\ ⋮ \\ a^l_{d_l} \end{array}\right]
  = \sigma(
   \left[ \begin{matrix} 
   	w^l_{1,1} & ⋯  & w^l_{1,d_{l-1}} \\  
   	⋮ & ⋱  & ⋮  \\ 
   	w^l_{d_l,1} & ⋯  & w^l_{d_l,d_{l-1}} \\  
   \end{matrix}\right]  ·
   \left[ \begin{array}{x} a^{l-1}_1 \\ ⋮ \\ ⋮ \\ a^{l-1}_{d_{l-1}} \end{array}\right] + 
   \left[ \begin{array}{b} b^l_1 \\ ⋮ \\ b^l_{d_l} \end{array}\right])
   $$
  

Other renderers

Blackfriday is structured to allow alternative rendering engines. Here are a few of note:

• github_flavored_markdown: provides a GitHub Flavored Markdown renderer with fenced code block highlighting, clickable heading anchor links.

  It's not customizable, and its goal is to produce HTML output equivalent to the GitHub Markdown API endpoint, except the rendering is performed locally.

• markdownfmt: like gofmt, but for markdown.

• LaTeX output: renders output as LaTeX.

Todo

• More unit testing
• Improve unicode support. It does not understand all unicode rules (about what constitutes a letter, a punctuation symbol, etc.), so it may fail to detect word boundaries correctly in some instances. It is safe on all utf-8 input.

License

Blackfriday is distributed under the Simplified BSD License