Glide: Vendor Package Management for Golang
Are you used to tools such as Cargo, npm, Composer, Nuget, Pip, Maven, Bundler, or other modern package managers? If so, Glide is the comparable Go tool.
Manage your vendor and vendored packages with ease. Glide is a tool for managing the vendor directory within a Go package. This feature, first introduced in Go 1.5, allows each package to have a vendor directory containing dependent packages for the project. These vendor packages can be installed by a tool (e.g. glide), similar to go get or they can be vendored and distributed with the package.
Go Modules
The Go community is now using Go Modules to handle dependencies. Please consider using that instead of Glide. Glide is now mostly unmaintained.
Features
- Ease dependency management
- Support versioning packages including Semantic Versioning 2.0.0 support. Any constraint the
github.com/Masterminds/semverpackage can parse can be used. - Support aliasing packages (e.g. for working with github forks)
- Remove the need for munging import statements
- Work with all of the
gotools - Support the VCS tools that Go supports:
- git
- bzr
- hg
- svn
- Support custom local and global plugins (see docs/plugins.md)
- Repository caching and data caching for improved performance.
- Flatten dependencies resolving version differences and avoiding the inclusion of a package multiple times.
- Manage and install dependencies on-demand or vendored in your version control system.
How It Works
Glide scans the source code of your application or library to determine the needed dependencies. To determine the versions and locations (such as aliases for forks) Glide reads a glide.yaml file with the rules. With this information Glide retrieves needed dependencies.
When a dependent package is encountered its imports are scanned to determine dependencies of dependencies (transitive dependencies). If the dependent project contains a glide.yaml file that information is used to help determine the dependency rules when fetching from a location or version to use. Configuration from Godep, GB, GOM, and GPM is also imported.
The dependencies are exported to the vendor/ directory where the go tools can find and use them. A glide.lock file is generated containing all the dependencies, including transitive ones.
The glide init command can be use to setup a new project, glide update regenerates the dependency versions using scanning and rules, and glide install will install the versions listed in the glide.lock file, skipping scanning, unless the glide.lock file is not found in which case it will perform an update.
A project is structured like this:
- $GOPATH/src/myProject (Your project)
|
|-- glide.yaml
|
|-- glide.lock
|
|-- main.go (Your main go code can live here)
|
|-- mySubpackage (You can create your own subpackages, too)
| |
| |-- foo.go
|
|-- vendor
|-- github.com
|
|-- Masterminds
|
|-- ... etc.
Take a look at the Glide source code to see this philosophy in action.
Install
The easiest way to install the latest release on Mac or Linux is with the following script:
curl https://glide.sh/get | sh
On Mac OS X you can also install the latest release via Homebrew:
$ brew install glide
On Ubuntu Precise (12.04), Trusty (14.04), Wily (15.10) or Xenial (16.04) you can install from our PPA:
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:masterminds/glide && sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install glide
On Ubuntu Zesty (17.04) the package is called golang-glide.
Binary packages are available for Mac, Linux and Windows.
For a development version it is also possible to go get github.com/Masterminds/glide.
To build from source you can:
- Clone this repository into
$GOPATH/src/github.com/Masterminds/glideand change directory into it - If you are using Go 1.5 ensure the environment variable GO15VENDOREXPERIMENT is set, for example by running
export GO15VENDOREXPERIMENT=1. In Go 1.6 it is enabled by default and in Go 1.7 it is always enabled without the ability to turn it off. - Run
make build
This will leave you with ./glide, which you can put in your $PATH if you'd like. (You can also take a look at make install to install for you.)
The Glide repo has now been configured to use glide to manage itself, too.
Usage
$ glide create # Start a new workspace
$ open glide.yaml # and edit away!
$ glide get github.com/Masterminds/cookoo # Get a package and add to glide.yaml
$ glide install # Install packages and dependencies
# work, work, work
$ go build # Go tools work normally
$ glide up # Update to newest versions of the package
Check out the glide.yaml in this directory, or examples in the docs/ directory.
glide create (aliased to init)
Initialize a new workspace. Among other things, this creates a glide.yaml file while attempting to guess the packages and versions to put in it. For example, if your project is using Godep it will use the versions specified there. Glide is smart enough to scan your codebase and detect the imports being used whether they are specified with another package manager or not.
$ glide create
[INFO] Generating a YAML configuration file and guessing the dependencies
[INFO] Attempting to import from other package managers (use --skip-import to skip)
[INFO] Scanning code to look for dependencies
[INFO] --> Found reference to github.com/Masterminds/semver
[INFO] --> Found reference to github.com/Masterminds/vcs
[INFO] --> Found reference to github.com/codegangsta/cli
[INFO] --> Found reference to gopkg.in/yaml.v2
[INFO] Writing configuration file (glide.yaml)
[INFO] Would you like Glide to help you find ways to improve your glide.yaml configuration?
[INFO] If you want to revisit this step you can use the config-wizard command at any time.
[INFO] Yes (Y) or No (N)?
n
[INFO] You can now edit the glide.yaml file. Consider:
[INFO] --> Using versions and ranges. See https://glide.sh/docs/versions/
[INFO] --> Adding additional metadata. See https://glide.sh/docs/glide.yaml/
[INFO] --> Running the config-wizard command to improve the versions in your configuration
The config-wizard, noted here, can be run here or manually run at a later time. This wizard helps you figure out versions and ranges you can use for your dependencies.
glide config-wizard
This runs a wizard that scans your dependencies and retrieves information on them to offer up suggestions that you can interactively choose. For example, it can discover if a dependency uses semantic versions and help you choose the version ranges to use.
glide get [package name]
You can download one or more packages to your vendor directory and have it added to your glide.yaml file with glide get.
$ glide get github.com/Masterminds/cookoo
When glide get is used it will introspect the listed package to resolve its dependencies including using Godep, GPM, Gom, and GB config files.
glide update (aliased to up)
Download or update all of the libraries listed in the glide.yaml file and put them in the vendor directory. It will also recursively walk through the dependency packages to fetch anything that's needed and read in any configuration.
$ glide up
This will recurse over the packages looking for other projects managed by Glide, Godep, gb, gom, and GPM. When one is found those packages will be installed as needed.
A glide.lock file will be created or updated with the dependencies pinned to specific versions. For example, if in the glide.yaml file a version was specified as a range (e.g., ^1.2.3) it will be set to a specific commit id in the glide.lock file. That allows for reproducible installs (see glide install).
To remove any nested vendor/ directories from fetched packages see the -v flag.
glide install
When you want to install the specific versions from the glide.lock file use glide install.
$ glide install
This will read the glide.lock file and install the commit id specific versions there.
When the glide.lock file doesn't tie to the glide.yaml file, such as there being a change, it will provide a warning. Running glide up will recreate the glide.lock file when updating the dependency tree.
If no glide.lock file is present glide install will perform an update and generate a lock file.
To remove any nested vendor/ directories from fetched packages see the -v flag.
glide novendor (aliased to nv)
When you run commands like go test ./... it will iterate over all the subdirectories including the vendor directory. When you are testing your application you may want to test your application files without running all the tests of your dependencies and their dependencies. This is where the novendor command comes in. It lists all of the directories except vendor.
$ go test $(glide novendor)
This will run go test over all directories of your project except the vendor directory.
glide name
When you're scripting with Glide there are occasions where you need to know the name of the package you're working on. glide name returns the name of the package listed in the glide.yaml file.
glide tree
Glide includes a few commands that inspect code and give you details about what is imported. glide tree is one such command. Running it gives data like this:
$ glide tree
github.com/Masterminds/glide
github.com/Masterminds/cookoo (/Users/mfarina/Code/go/src/github.com/Masterminds/glide/vendor/github.com/Masterminds/cookoo)
github.com/Masterminds/cookoo/io (/Users/mfarina/Code/go/src/github.com/Masterminds/glide/vendor/github.com/Masterminds/cookoo/io)
github.com/Masterminds/glide/cmd (/Users/mfarina/Code/go/src/github.com/Masterminds/glide/cmd)
github.com/Masterminds/cookoo (/Users/mfarina/Code/go/src/github.com/Masterminds/glide/vendor/github.com/Masterminds/cookoo)
github.com/Masterminds/cookoo/io (/Users/mfarina/Code/go/src/github.com/Masterminds/glide/vendor/github.com/Masterminds/cookoo/io)
github.com/Masterminds/glide/gb (/Users/mfarina/Code/go/src/github.com/Masterminds/glide/gb)
github.com/Masterminds/glide/util (/Users/mfarina/Code/go/src/github.com/Masterminds/glide/util)
github.com/Masterminds/vcs (/Users/mfarina/Code/go/src/github.com/Masterminds/glide/vendor/github.com/Masterminds/vcs)
github.com/Masterminds/glide/yaml (/Users/mfarina/Code/go/src/github.com/Masterminds/glide/yaml)
github.com/Masterminds/glide/util (/Users/mfarina/Code/go/src/github.com/Masterminds/glide/util)
github.com/Masterminds/vcs (/Users/mfarina/Code/go/src/github.com/Masterminds/glide/vendor/github.com/Masterminds/vcs)
github.com/Masterminds/vcs (/Users/mfarina/Code/go/src/github.com/Masterminds/glide/vendor/github.com/Masterminds/vcs)
gopkg.in/yaml.v2 (/Users/mfarina/Code/go/src/gopkg.in/yaml.v2)
github.com/Masterminds/semver (/Users/mfarina/Code/go/src/github.com/Masterminds/glide/vendor/github.com/Masterminds/semver)
github.com/Masterminds/vcs (/Users/mfarina/Code/go/src/github.com/Masterminds/glide/vendor/github.com/Masterminds/vcs)
github.com/codegangsta/cli (/Users/mfarina/Code/go/src/github.com/Masterminds/glide/vendor/github.com/codegangsta/cli)
github.com/codegangsta/cli (/Users/mfarina/Code/go/src/github.com/Masterminds/glide/vendor/github.com/codegangsta/cli)
github.com/Masterminds/cookoo (/Users/mfarina/Code/go/src/github.com/Masterminds/glide/vendor/github.com/Masterminds/cookoo)
github.com/Masterminds/cookoo/io (/Users/mfarina/Code/go/src/github.com/Masterminds/glide/vendor/github.com/Masterminds/cookoo/io)
github.com/Masterminds/glide/gb (/Users/mfarina/Code/go/src/github.com/Masterminds/glide/gb)
github.com/Masterminds/glide/util (/Users/mfarina/Code/go/src/github.com/Masterminds/glide/util)
github.com/Masterminds/vcs (/Users/mfarina/Code/go/src/github.com/Masterminds/glide/vendor/github.com/Masterminds/vcs)
github.com/Masterminds/glide/yaml (/Users/mfarina/Code/go/src/github.com/Masterminds/glide/yaml)
github.com/Masterminds/glide/util (/Users/mfarina/Code/go/src/github.com/Masterminds/glide/util)
github.com/Masterminds/vcs (/Users/mfarina/Code/go/src/github.com/Masterminds/glide/vendor/github.com/Masterminds/vcs)
github.com/Masterminds/vcs (/Users/mfarina/Code/go/src/github.com/Masterminds/glide/vendor/github.com/Masterminds/vcs)
gopkg.in/yaml.v2 (/Users/mfarina/Code/go/src/gopkg.in/yaml.v2)
github.com/Masterminds/semver (/Users/mfarina/Code/go/src/github.com/Masterminds/glide/vendor/github.com/Masterminds/semver)
github.com/Masterminds/vcs (/Users/mfarina/Code/go/src/github.com/Masterminds/glide/vendor/github.com/Masterminds/vcs)
github.com/codegangsta/cli (/Users/mfarina/Code/go/src/github.com/Masterminds/glide/vendor/github.com/codegangsta/cli)
This shows a tree of imports, excluding core libraries. Because vendoring makes it possible for the same package to live in multiple places, glide tree also prints the location of the package being imported.
This command is deprecated and will be removed in the near future.
glide list
Glide's list command shows an alphabetized list of all the packages that a project imports.
$ glide list
INSTALLED packages:
vendor/github.com/Masterminds/cookoo
vendor/github.com/Masterminds/cookoo/fmt
vendor/github.com/Masterminds/cookoo/io
vendor/github.com/Masterminds/cookoo/web
vendor/github.com/Masterminds/semver
vendor/github.com/Masterminds/vcs
vendor/github.com/codegangsta/cli
vendor/gopkg.in/yaml.v2
glide help
Print the glide help.
$ glide help
glide --version
Print the version and exit.
$ glide --version
glide version 0.12.0
glide.yaml
For full details on the glide.yaml files see the documentation.
The glide.yaml file does two critical things:
- It names the current package
- It declares external dependencies
A brief glide.yaml file looks like this:
package: github.com/Masterminds/glide
import:
- package: github.com/Masterminds/semver
- package: github.com/Masterminds/cookoo
version: ^1.2.0
repo: [email protected]:Masterminds/cookoo.git
The above tells glide that...
- This package is named
github.com/Masterminds/glide - That this package depends on two libraries.
The first library exemplifies a minimal package import. It merely gives the fully qualified import path.
When Glide reads the definition for the second library, it will get the repo from the source in repo, checkout the latest version between 1.2.0 and 2.0.0, and put it in github.com/Masterminds/cookoo in the vendor directory. (Note that package and repo can be completely different)
TIP: The version is either VCS dependent and can be anything that can be checked out or a semantic version constraint that can be parsed by the github.com/ Masterminds/semver package. For example, with Git this can be a branch, tag, or hash. This varies and depends on what's supported in the VCS.
TIP: In general, you are advised to use the base package name for importing a package, not a subpackage name. For example, use github.com/kylelemons/go-gypsy and not github.com/kylelemons/go-gypsy/yaml.
Supported Version Control Systems
The Git, SVN, Mercurial (Hg), and Bzr source control systems are supported. This happens through the vcs package.
Frequently Asked Questions (F.A.Q.)
Q: Why does Glide have the concept of sub-packages when Go doesn't?
In Go every directory is a package. This works well when you have one repo containing all of your packages. When you have different packages in different VCS locations things become a bit more complicated. A project containing a collection of packages should be handled with the same information including the version. By grouping packages this way we are able to manage the related information.
Q: bzr (or hg) is not working the way I expected. Why?
These are works in progress, and may need some additional tuning. Please take a look at the vcs package. If you see a better way to handle it please let us know.
Q: Should I check vendor/ into version control?
That's up to you. It's not necessary, but it may also cause you extra work and lots of extra space in your VCS. There may also be unforeseen errors (see an example).
Q: How do I import settings from GPM, Godep, gom or gb?
There are two parts to importing.
- If a package you import has configuration for GPM, Godep, gom or gb Glide will recursively install the dependencies automatically.
- If you would like to import configuration from GPM, Godep, gom or gb to Glide see the
glide importcommand. For example, you can runglide import godepfor Glide to detect the projects Godep configuration and generate aglide.yamlfile for you.
Each of these will merge your existing glide.yaml file with the dependencies it finds for those managers, and then emit the file as output. It will not overwrite your glide.yaml file.
You can write it to file like this:
$ glide import godep -f glide.yaml
Q: Can Glide fetch a package based on OS or Arch?
A: Yes. Using the os and arch fields on a package, you can specify which OSes and architectures the package should be fetched for. For example, the following package will only be fetched for 64-bit Darwin/OSX systems:
- package: some/package
os:
- darwin
arch:
- amd64
The package will not be fetched for other architectures or OSes.
LICENSE
This package is made available under an MIT-style license. See LICENSE.txt.
Thanks!
We owe a huge debt of gratitude to the GPM and GVP projects, which inspired many of the features of this package. If glide isn't the right Go project manager for you, check out those.
The Composer (PHP), npm (JavaScript), and Bundler (Ruby) projects all inspired various aspects of this tool, as well.
The Name
Aside from being catchy, "glide" is a contraction of "Go Elide". The idea is to compress the tasks that normally take us lots of time into a just a few seconds.
![[ERROR] Failed to retrieve a list of dependencies: Error resolving imports](https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/65380541?v=4)
